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How To Get a Patent 



A COMPLETE COMPENDIUM OF 

USEFUL INFORMATION 

FOR INVENTORS. 



COPYRIGHT, 1896, 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO., 
""'618 F Street, 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 



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THE LEHMAIEE PRESS 
NEW YORK 



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/ aiR. HAZEII BOND 
AU«U8T 19, 1^46 






TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



^^ The Patent and the Poor Man, ----- 5 

Procedure and Terms, ------ 6 

Our Prize Competitions, __-__- 8 

Who can Obtain a Patent, - - _ _ . 12 

What may be Patented, ----- 13 

How TO Select an Attorney, - - - - 15 

Ourselves and Our Business Methods, - - 18 

How TO begin, -------- 19 

Small Things most Valuable, . _ _ - - 21 

The Special Search, _-_„__ 22 

The Application, - - - - ~ ~ - - 25 

Drawings, -------- 28 

Cost of Patent, ------- 29 

Remittances, -------- 29 

Warning, - - - _____ 31 

Selling Patents, ------- 31 

Copies of Patents, - - - - - - 36 

Reissues and Extensions, ------ 39 

Caveats, -------- 41 

Interferences, - ----- - 41 

Appeals, -------- 43 

Rejected Cases, - - ----- - 44 

Infringements, -------- 45 

Patents for Designs, ------ 47 

Trade-marks, - - - - - . - - - - 48 

Labels and Copyrights, - - - - - ^1 

Foreign Patents, - - - - - - - - 52 

References, -------- 60 

Some of Our Clients, - - 65 



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OPFICE OF JOHN WEDDERBUB]^ & CO. 



THE PATENT AND THE POOR MAN. 

Invention has been aptly called the "genius of the poor." 
By a providential foresight, which cannot be ascribed to chance, 
this marvelous faculty has been bestoAved by nature even more 
freely upon the " men of the people " than upon those whose 
education and other advantages would seem to have fitted them 
for success in a field dominated so completely by "brains.'' 

It is certainly a dispensation of Providence that has given 
us this wonderful balance-wheel of civilization, without which 
the rich would grow constantly richer and the poor as steadily 
poorer. But few men become rich, or even well-to-do from the 
mere labor of their hands 5 relying solely upon such exertions they 
must surely lose ground daily. The rich, however, living upon 
invested capital, need only spend a little less than^ their income 
to go- on amassing wealth indefinitely. Thus the gulf between 
the two great classes would grow steadily wider and wider, the 
one enjoying unnecessary and even harmful luxuries, while the 
other was reduced to miserable poverty. 

But here Inventive Genius comes to the rescue. Ideas have 
ruled the world since it first gave birth to man. With ideas the 
poor man has risen from his poverty and taken high place with 
the noted men of every time. Eeputation, fortune and honor 
have been won for the lowliest through the development of 
ideas. The story of the civilization of every country of the 
world is but the recounting of the triumphs of invention. 

Shall we not say, therefore, that our forefathers in declaring 
that ideas are property as much as any product of manual labor, 
conferred a blessing upon posterity surpassed by none of the 
rich legacies they have left us in our magnificent free institu- 
tions ? 

The Patent Office stands ready to grant to every inventor a 
complete monopoly of his own ideas for the period of seventeen 



6 JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 

3^ears and tliroiigh this monopoly enormous fortunes are con- 
stantly made by men who have had no special advantages over 
tlieir fellows, but who have been enterprising enough to promptly 
patent their ideas and thus enable themselves to enjoy the com- 
fort and ease which come from well earned competence. To 
the poor man and to the man in moderate circumstances who 
desires to place himself and those dependent upon him beyond 
the reach of want, the Patent Office opens up an enormous field 
in which great profits may be reaped with comparatively little 
exertion and at nominal cost. The man who has ever conceived 
an invention and has failed to patent it until some one else has 
anticipated him, has lost the opportunity of a life-time to win a 
fortune with the least possible expenditure of money and labor. 

THE PROCEDURE AND TERMS. 

The first step towards securing a patent is for the inventor 
to send us a sketch, drawing, photograph or model of his device, 
together with as full a description of the invention as he is able 
to give. Neither model nor photograph is necessary; a clear 
description in the inventor's own language, and a sketch such as 
he can make, is quite sufficient. If the invention is complicated 
he should refer to the operative parts by letters or numerals. 

On receipt of this information and $5.00, which we require as 
an evidence of the inventor's good faith, we will at once make 
an examination of the records of the Patent Office to ascertain 
if a patent can be secured, report to him the result of our search 
and forward any references that may be found to approach his 
idea. We make no charge for examining the records and 
reporting on the patentability of an invention if the inventor 
files an application for patent through us ] otherwise the charge 
is $5.00. 

If we report that a patent can be secured we ask that $20.00 
be remitted to cover the first Government fee of $15.00, and the 
cost of one sheet of official drawings. After the inventor has 
thoroughly acquainted himself with the condition of the art as 
it bears on his invention and carefully considered our report, 
we, on receipt of further advices from him and the necessary 
remittance, immediately prepare the formal application papers 



8 JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 

and forward them to liim for approval and execution. When 
the papers have been approved and executed, $25.00, our fee for 
preparing, filing and prosecuting the case should be paid. In 
order to secure the actual issue of patent a final Government 
fee of $20.00 must be paid within six months from the date of 
allowance of the application. The total cost of patent including 
all fees, Government, drawing and attorney is $65.00. 

Inventors should file applications for letters patent without 
delay. The law favors the vigilant, those who are active in 
making known their claims and asserting them. Patents are 
awarded to the first inventor, and he is the first inventor who 
first conceives the idea, puts it into practical form and promptly 
declares his claim to it. Many an inventor who was first in 
point of time has lost his rights by sleeping on them. 

Inventors will have no hesitation in entrusting their business 
to us. Our responsibility and standing are guaranteed by over 
2,500 of the prominent newspapers of this country. Each news- 
paper carrying our advertisement especially endorses our com- 
pany and vouches for the excellence of our work. 

We have a corps of patent experts, each skilled in his par- 
ticular branch; every case receives the best possible attention 
and is promptly handled and skillfully prosecuted. We give 
the highest grade of service. Our aim is not only to secure 
patents, but broad patents, patents which have commercial value. 
Our high reputation and commercial prosperity depend solely 
on the character of our work. 

It should be borne in mind that no money can be made out 
of an invention unless it is protected by patent. Capitalists 
will not embark in an enterprise and buy machinery for the 
manufacture of an article unless they are assured protection. 

We furnish information and advice concerning Patents, 
Trade-marks and Copyrights, free of charge. 

OUR PRIZE COMPETITIONS. 

An interesting and important feature of our work has been a 
peries of competitions based solely upon merit which were in- 
augurated by us early in 1895 and which have already achieved 
an international reputation. It was early recognized that the in- 
ventors of the country might be divided into two general classes 
— those who follow what might be styled professional invention 
and those with whom the devising of useful inventions is either 



SOME PRIZE WINNERS. 




E. E. Katz, San Bernardino, Cal, 

Dr. A. C. Donaldson, Minneapolis, Minn. A. L. Simmons, Geneseo, N. Y. 

P. F. O'Connor, Washinerton, D. C. Mrs. Lottie Cox. Daniel Brion. Jr., Bozeman, Mont, 

Parley H. Martin, Vershire, Vt. W. P. Cave. San Bernardino, Cal, 

D. F. Cornell. North Fork, Pa. T. H. Coakley, Baltimore, Md. 



10 JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 

pastime or incidental to otlier occupations. It would be difficult 
to discriminate as to tlie importance of tliese two factors in the 
marvelous growth of tliis great country, for each has its proper 
sphere and to each is due a generous measure of praise. 

The experience of many years as patent solicitors convinced 
us that there was latent in the minds of a great majority of the 
people a slumbering spark of inventive genius Avhich needed only 
a little stimulus to fan it into a steady flame, and with a view to 
furnishing an incentive to effort in tlie iield of invention the now 
famous Wedderburn Competition was founded and has since 
been maintained with phenomenal and constantly increasing 
success. 

At the outset it was determined to hold a monthly competi- 
tion of simple and useful inventions with a prize of $150 in 
cash to be given to the inventor of the best and simplest device, 
the decision resting with a special Board of Awards. No fee is 
charged for entrance into these competitions, the payment of 
the customary search fee of $5.00 entitling the inventor to enter 
his device in the contest participated in by all other inventions 
submitted to us during the same montli. 

For many months these contests increased in favor and it 
was in recognition of the confidence shown by the public in the 
decisions of the Board of Awards that we finally determined to 
add another interesting feature to the competitions by presenting 
to each contestant who submitted a really meritorious device a 
sterling silver medal, the quality of which should be tested by 
the highest official authority. These medals were designed by a 
leading metropolitan jeweler from suggestions made by us and 
after their completion a sample medal was taken at random and 
submitted to Hon. R. E. Preston, Director of the United States 
Mint, who caused tlie medal to be assayed and reported it to be 
of the purest sterling silver, warranted 1000 fine. No restriction 
whatever was placed upon the number of deserving inventors 
who might receive these medals and so popular have tlie contests 
become and so valuable the devices submitted that more than fiv^e 
hundred medals have been awarded in a single competition. 

To enter these competitions it is only necessary to forward 
to us a description of your invention in the same manner as in 
applying for a patent and enclosing only the usual search fee, in 
consideration of which the files of the Patent Office v^ill be ex- 
amined in order to ascertain the patentability of the device and 



dOME MEDAL WiNNERS. 




Robert T. Oney. Charleston, W Va . Thomas Wrigrht, Emans, Pa. J. H. Staples, York, Pa. 

,Tr T^ r„ ^ Edwin Scott, Elkins, W. Va. F. W. Herald. Casnovia Mich 

Ha'^ryVnaTft' tSS^S'.^?*- ^^«- ^' ^- ^^^'^^^^ M^"^> Ohio ' Waft^rH'. Pepper, Tarrytown, N.Y. 

Harry Kenant, Hanover^ Pa. ^„„ John M. Olson, Castle wood S. D. 

Fred T ^^^r^r^r.w Tr^^j^^i^' ^«^^^®5'' i^S^-S?!"^' N. H. GeorgB Rothar, Oliver's Mills, Pa. 

if red. J. Rappold, Erie, Pa. Howard S. Richards, South Hatfield, Pa. Dr. R. K. Gregory, Greensboro N. C. 



12 JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 

the invention will be entered in the competition of the current 
month. It will therefore be seen that without any extra pay- 
ment or other expense any invention maybe entered for the $150 
prize with the certainty that, even if this generous award is not 
secured, the invention, if meritorious, will be recognized by the 
presentation of a sterling silver medal handsomely engraved. 

It is hardly necessary to call the attention of intelligent in- 
ventors to the manifest advantages that can be secured through 
these competitions. Devices winning the highest award are 
made famous throughout the country by countless newspaper 
publications, while inventions securing the medals are widely 
advertised and universally accepted as valuable and likely to 
afford handsome returns for money invested in them. In the 
case of a recent medal winner more than twenty-five hundred 
complimentary notices of the device and its author were pub- 
lished in the newspapers of the United States, all this priceless 
advertising being absolutely free of cost to the successful com- 
petitor. Many scores of sales of patents have been made on the 
basis of these awards and hundreds more are now pending and 
will, no doubt, be consummated within a short time. 

WHO CAN OBTAIN A PATENT. 

Any person, whether citizen or alien, man or woman, adult 
or minor, who is the first and original inventor, may secure a 
patent. Administrators of the estates of deceased inventors 
and the executors of their last will and testaments, may also 
obtain patents. The charges are the same to all, without dis- 
tinction as to the person or the nationality of the inventor. 

An inventor who has lived, or is living, abroad may obtain a 
patent in the United States for his invention even after the 
grant of a foreign patent, provided the device is new and has 
not been used in this country for more than two years prior to 
the filing of his American application. But every patent granted 
for an invention which has been previously patented by the 
same inventor in a foreign country will be so limited as to 
expire at the same time with the foreign patent. 

Joint inventors are entitled to joint patents; neither can 
claim separately. Independent inventors of separate improve- 
ments in the same machine cannot obtai i a joint patent; they 
must claim separately. 

An inventor and his assignee of the whole or a part interest 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 13 

in the invention, can not claim jointly^ the claim must be made 
by the inventor alone. If, however, the assignment contain a 
direction that the patent be issued to the assignee, or to the 
inventor and the assignee jointly, the patent will be so issued, 
provided the assignment be recorded in the Patent Office three 
weeks prior to the actual issue of patent. 

WHAT MAY BE PATENTED. 

A patent may be granted for: (1) any new and useful art or 
process^ (2) any new and useful machine; (3) any new and use- 
ful manufacture ; (4) any new and useful composition of matter; 
(5) and any new and useful improvement thereof: provided, the 
art, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, or improve- 
ment thereof, for which a patent is desired, was not known or 
used by others in this country, and has not been patented or 
described in any printed publication in this or any foreign 
country, before the applicant's invention or discovery thereof, 
and has not been in public use or on sale for more than two 
years prior to his application, unless the same is proved to have 
been abandoned. 

Separate inventions cannot be included in one patent. Those 
inventions are separate which do not depend upon each other for 
their operation. A valid patent can cover only a single inven- 
tion. Thus to secure protection on a machine and its product, 
two patents are required — one for the machine and the other for 
the product. 

A patent cannot be obtained for a principle, function or 
abstract effect of a machine, but only for the machine itself. 

TERfl OF PATENT. 

Patents are granted in this country for the term of seventeen 
years and no longer, during which time the patentee has the 
exclusive right to make, use and sell the patented invention. If 
a foreign patent has been previously granted for the invention, 
the United States patent is limited to expire with the foreign 
patent, provided the term of the latter does not exceed seven- 
teen years. 

It is as much an infringement of a patent to make a pat- 
ented device for private use without the patentee's consent, as 
it is to produce it for sale. 




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JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 15 

A United States patent remains good for its full term whether 
it be worked by the inventor or not. 

HOW TO SELECT AN ATTORNEY. 

Inventors are often in much doubt and anxiety when select- 
ing an attorney to conduct their business. Some desire to secure 
the services of a lawyer for the lowest possible price, and others, 
who are willing to give fair compensation, perhaps have no 
acquaintance among patent attorneys and do not know whicli 
are reliable and trustworthy. Our advice to all inventors is, do 
not employ a "cheap" attorney — his work will be cheap. A 
professional man who can afford to work for nothing is to be 
avoided. His feeble efforts, being without incentive, will be 
worse than wasted, they will occasion actual loss in the long run. 
When it is remembered that an inventor or a manufacturer 
engaged in making a patented article, has to depend solely upon 
the breadth of the claims of the patent for his protection, the 
importance of these claims will at once be apparent and it can 
readily be seen that they should be drawn only by an attorney 
of sound professional knowledge and experience. The attorney 
must also have a good general education, be skilled in the arts 
and sciences, and endowed with sound judgment and quick per- 
ception. A man of these acquirements does not work for nothing; 
he expects to be reasonably compensated for his labor, and 
a wise inventor will do well to employ such an attorney. The 
patent he gets will be a broad one and will have commercial 
value. So important are the services of a reliable, trustworthy 
and skillful attorney to inventors, that the Commissioner of 
Patents has, in the "Rules of Practice," issued this general warn- 
ing: "As the value of patents depends largely upon the careful 
preparation of the specifications and claims, the assistance of 
competent counsel will, in most cases, be of advantage to the 
applicant, but the value of their- services ivill be proportionate to 
their skill and honesty^ and too much care cannot be exercised in 
their selection. 

We would especially warn inventors against that class of 
patent attorneys who do what is known as a " no-patent, no-pay " 
business. The practice of such attorneys is to secure patronage 
by agreeing to prosecute claims and wait for their fees until 
notification is received of the allowance of patent. Such attor- 
neys first secure themselves against loss by compelling the 



16 JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 

inventor to deposit his money in a bank or other financial 
institution, and then in order to receive their fees as quickly as 
possible the application is rushed through with the sole purpose 
in view of securing a patent of some kind in the shortest space 
of time. Anxiety to draw fees at the earliest moment makes 
these attorneys wholly indifferent to the necessity for securing 
the broadest possible patent and the interests of their clients 
are uniformly subordinated to the single idea of getting some 
kind of a patent quickly. Such attorneys incur losses through 
abandoned patents and by reason of rejected patents, and it 
follows that these losses must be made up at the expense of 
their clients, either by over-charging, or pretending that special 
difficulties make extra labor necessary, or — as is generally the 
case — by slighting their work by placing it in the hands of 
cheap and inexperienced employees. 

THE ADVANTAGES OF HAVING A WASHINGTON 
ATTORNEY. 

Other things being equal the inventor should select an attor- 
ney who lives in Washington, where the entire patent business 
of the Goverment is exclusively carried on. And this for many 
reasons. All the records and prior patents are open to his 
inspection and can be examined without the delays incident to 
correspondence. He does not have to depend upon the services 
of unreliable and negligent agents. And above all he enjoys a 
personal acquaintance with the various Examiners of the Patent 
Office, and can have daily interviews with them. The import- 
ance of these interviews cannot be overestimated. When an 
attorney has an Examiner by the button-hole, he can make him 
see the merit in an invention if it have any merit at all. More 
can be accomplished in this way in ^ve minutes than by months 
of correspondence and volumes of written argument. 

In this connection the following editorial recently published 
in the National Recorder, the leading technical journal of the 
National Capital will be read with interest : 

^^WE SAY ^WASHINGTON.'" 
*^ The interesting discussion which is now being indulged in by the 
daily newspapers, as well as by the leading technical and scientific 
journals of the country, as to whether an inventor should employ a 
Washington attorney or one living in one of the larger cities of the 
country, would seem to have settled the question by thcovcrwlieLLuiug 



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18 JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 

voice in favor of the Capital city solicitor. The Recorder has given 
the subject some attention and is inclined to side with the majority 
who hold that an inventor's interests can be best guarded and most 
energetically and intelligently advanced by a reputable firm having its 
headquarters as near the Patent Office as possible. 

^^ All patent experts and many inventors know that thousands of 
rejections have been saved owing to the fact that the Washington 
attorney, being close at hand and in daily consultation with the 
Patent Office examiners, has been able to foresee and promptly correct 
some small difficulty in specification, drawing or model, which, had it 
not been taken in time, might subsequently have formed the basis of 
a strong prejudice in the mind of the examiner against the invention. 
It is notoriousl}' difficult to change the mind of an expert after he has 
thoroughly examined a device and decided for himself just what its 
merits are, but the careful and experienced Washington attorney at 
his elbow is able to smooth out the wrinkle before it has caused the 
formation of a prejudiced opinion. 

^^ Foreign attorneys keep representatives at the Capital, of course, 
but it would be folly to suppose that these men rank with the leading 
patent attorneys of the country, the majority of whom are naturally 
to be found in home offices. It would, therefore, seem clear that inven- 
tors wdll consult only their best interests in placing their inventions 
in the hands of Washington solicitors. ^^ 

THE RELATION BETWEEN ATTORNEY AND CLIENT. 

The relation between attorney and client is strictly a con- 
fidential one. The liigbest good faith is necessary and required. 
The courts will not allow an attorney to drive an unconscionable 
bargain with his client, and all acts whereby an attorney secures 
an advantage over his client are looked upon wdth the closest 
scrutiny. The attorney also ow^es his client the duty to put 
forth his best efforts in his behalf, and this duty is a most 
essential one in patent matters where everything, the building 
up of a fortune or the possible loss of one, depends upon the few 
words contained in the claims to a patent. Inventors, how ever, 
need have no liesitation about entrusting their cases to a good 
and reliable solicitor, who prizes his ow^n reputation. This 
guarantees protection. 

OURSELVES AND OUR BUSINESS METHODS. 

We have been in the patent business for a number of years 
and our facilities and system are unsurpassed. We hold every 
communication received by us strictly confidential. We treat 



JOHN AYEDDEKBURN & CO, 19 

our clients as we should wish to be treated ii' we were iu their 
phice. We fully appreciate the high responsibility we assume 
when w^e undertake to secure patents of commerical value, a 
responsibility which is too often but little regarded. We give 
our best attention to every case we prosecute, and having a 
corps of patent experts, we can afford to giva,each case tlie time 
it deserves. We secure the broadest possible patents that tlie 
inventions will warrant and we guarantee the highest grade of 
work. Our large and lucrative business, and our high rejiuta- 
tion, of w^hicli we are justly proud, depend solely upon the 
efforts we have put forth in the past for those inventors who, 
ax)preciating our ability, have employed us. " Thoroughness, 
skillfulness and honesty" is the motto we observe. 

Our responsibility and standing are vouched for by over 2,500 
of the prominent newspapers of this country, and every news- 
paper carrying our advertisement w^arrants the excellence of our 
work. 

SEND DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION. 

Anyone having a device which he wishes protected by patent, 
should send us a rough sketch, x>hotograpli, drawing, or model, 
together with a description. The description should be as full 
aud complete as the inventor can make it. He should describe 
his invention in his own wa}^ and not endeavor to follow set 
forms. His language should be clear and concise. K the inven- 
tion be complicated he should designate the operative parts in 
the sketch, drawing, or photograph, by letters or numerals and 
refer to them in the same way in his description. 

A model is not required by the Patent Office, but it will often 
enable us to arrive at a clear understanding of a complicated 
invention in the shortest possible time. It is also useful in 
illustrating an invention and may be made of au}^ convenient 
size and material. It need not be a working model. If the 
inventor have a model he should send it on. We will return it 
when the case is filed. Inventors should take special care to mark 
their models plainUj with their names and addresses in order that 
they may be promptly identified up)0)i receipt by ns. Much valu- 
able time is occasionally lost through the receipt of a model 
bearing neither name, address nor title, and, especially in cases 
where the character of the iiivc^Jition is not clearly apparent 
from the model, it is impossible 1o ideiiMfy it and it becomes 
necessary to file it and await ;in incjniry from the inventor. 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 21 

If a sketch or drawing be sent it need not be a fine one. It 
should, however, show the operation and construction of the 
device. Any inventor can prepare a sketch or drawing that will 
enable us to understand his invention, and there will be no 
occasion for him to employ a draughtsman for this purpose. 

INVENTORS riAY EMPLOY MECHANICS. 

Inventors are at liberty to engage mechanics to assist them 
in reducing their inventions to practical forms, without preju- 
dicing their rights to the perfected inventions when complete. 
If this were not so, many prominent inventors who are not 
mechanics would have been unable to perfect their devices. So 
long as the original invention remains the same in principle, the 
inventor is entitled to make use of the suggestions of the 
mechanic and the mechanic can claim no right to any part of 
the complete device. This statement of the law, however, must 
not be confounded with that applicable to cases which to the 
casual observer appear similar, but which in reality are very 
different, as where an employee invents a device to be used in 
the line of business in which he is engaged and which his 
employer claims because of this fact alone. The distinction is 
this: If the employer has communicated the principle of the 
invention to the employee, or outlined the device to him, then 
the whole invention belongs to the employer ; but if there were 
no communications on the part of the employer, the invention 
being the product of the employee's brain, the entire invention 
is the employee's free from claim. The fact that the employee 
may have acquired the general knowledge which enabled him to 
produce the invention while in the service of his employer, gives 
the employer no right to the invention. 

SMALL THINGS THE MOST VALUABLE. 

Small inventions are by far the most valuable. They can be 
manufactured with but little outlay of capital and as they 
usually fill a general need the profit derived from them is large. 
Inventors should not despise their ideas as being unworthy of a 
patent because they appear to them insignificant. No inventive 
thought should be suppressed because its object does not seem 
grand and striking. Let it come out and give it definite shape. 
More money was made out of the toy bank for holding 10 cent 
pieces than was made by the inventor of the telegraph from his 



22 JOHN WKDDKKr.lIlIN & CO. 

woiideifnl invention. Mnny lijindsonie fortunes have been de- 
rived from seemingly tiiHing inventions. The ^'13, 15, 14" 
puzzle bi'ought its inventoi' sevenil fortunes. Yet what eould 
be uioie simple and trifling? On the other liand, the money 
made by Edison out of his remarkable inventions, has been 
barely sufficient to pay the cost of his experiments. Small 
things are the best, and there is hardly any American who has 
not, at one time or another, thought of some way to economize 
labor or to lessen the friction of every-day life. These ideas 
should not be smothered or dismissed as being too trivial; they 
may bring fortunes to their originators. Many a poor man 
might have secured fame and died rich if he had given practical 
shape to the bright ideas that occurred to him while engaged in 
his daily occupation. Inventors should bear these things in 
mind. 

THE SPECIAL SEARCH. 
The first question which presents itself to an inventor, after 
he has invented something is, can lie obtain a patent for it? 
This can only be answered after a careful examination of all 
prior patents on file in the Patent Office. We will advise free 
of charge as to whether tlie ijivention is of a patentable nature, 
that is, whether it is of such a character that a patent may be 
granted if it be new and useful. We will also make the requi- 
site examination of the Patent Office records and send a written 
report on the patentability of the invention and any references 
that may be found to approach it, so that the inventor may 
acquaint himself with the condition of the art as it bears on hi> 
device. Before making this examination, which requires time 
and labor and which is conducted by one of our experts, we ask 
that $5.00 be deposited with us as an evidence of the inventor's 
good faith. If an application be filed on the invention through 
us, no charge is made for the examination or search of tlie 
records, but the $5.00 is applied as part payment of our fee for 
X)reparing, filing and prosecuting the case. If the invention is 
found to be old, or if new and ]io application is filed through us, 
we charge $5.00 for our services. When the invention is shown 
to be old the inventor is informed that his device is anticipated 
jind that a x)atent cannot be secured. He can then Avithdraw 
without additional expense. If the invention can be modified 
or changed so as to ni(-rit a patent, we will indicate the requisite 
changes or modiiications, lire ot charge. 



24 JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 

If our report on the patentability of an invention be favor- 
able, that is, that a patent can be obtained, we ask that $20.00 
be remitted to cover the first Government fee of $15.00 and the 
cost of one sheet of official drawings. On receipt of this remit- 
tance we promptly prepare the formal application papers, 
including the petition, power of attorney, specification and oath, 
and forward them to the inventor for his approval and execu- 
tion. If the papers are satisfactory they should be formally 
executed and returned to us without delay. The balance of our 
fee (which is in ordinary cases, $20.00, the whole fee being 
$25.00), should accompany the executed papers. If the inven- 
tor desires any changes or corrections made in the specification, 
he should indicate them in pencil, then execute the papers and 
return them with our fee. There is no reason to delay the 
execution of the papers because changes are to be made in them. 
We, on receipt of the application, will promptly incorporate the 
changes or corrections, if they be proper, without additional 
cost, and file the case at the earliest date. 

A special search is a wise safeguard as it often prevents the 
useless expenditure of money in endeavoring to secure a patent 
where none can be obtained ; for if a search be not made the 
applicant may be informed, after he has paid all the preliminary 
fees, amounting to $45, that his application has been rejected by 
the Patent Office, on prior patents that could have been easil}^ 
found by examining the records in advance, at a cost of but $5. 

We wish to have it understood, however, that a favorable 
report is not an absolute guarantee that a patent can be 
obtained, as the device under investigation may be anticipated 
by an invention covered by a caveat or embraced in a pending 
application, both of which are kept secret by the ofiicials of the 
Patent Office : or, further, it may be anticipated by a Foreign 
Patent, and as these patents are not classified in the Patent 
Office our search does not include them. A favorable report, 
though, is a certificate of probable patentability and it is 
extremely rare that a patent is refused on an invention which 
we report new and patentable. The value of such a report 
depends upon the carefulness with which the investigation is 
made and the skill and experience of the examiner making it. 
These certificates when furnished by us will often enable inven- 
tors to interest capitalists in their inventions, at least to the ex- 
tent of advancing the money necessary to take out the patent. 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 25 

In this connection it should be said that it is not necessary to 
find a man of large means to assist you in obtaining a patent. 
Nearly every inventor has among his friends and neighbors a 
dozen or more in moderate circumstances who can command the 
small sum necessary to secure a patent, and who will be only 
too glad to advance the money upon condition of becoming the 
owner of a part interest in the patent. Thousands of men 
throughout the United States have become independently wealthy 
merely through advancing to deserving inventors the small sum 
necessary to secure a patent on a valuable device. After the 
inventor has ascertained the patentability of his idea he will 
find scores of people only too willing to invest a few dollars in 
order that they may participate in his good fortune. We should, 
therefore, advise all inventors, especially those who have not 
funds to pay the entire cost of patent, to have a special search 
made of the records of the Patent Office, in the first place. 
Our report, if adverse, will save them money, as they will not 
persist in fruitless efforts to obtain a patent at a loss to them- 
selves; and, if favorable, will enable them to make arrangements 
with moneyed people, who will almost invariably advance the 
price of a patent in consideration of the assignment of a part 
interest in it, but who would rightly hesitate to put their money 
in the venture without such a certificate of assurance. 

The search fee of $5.00 should be remitted by inventors in 
their first letter. This will save time. The search oan then be 
made without delay and the report promptly mailed. 

THE APPLICATION. 

The formal application papers include the petition, specifica- 
tion, oath and, where possible, drawings which, to secure atten- 
tion, must be filed in the Patent Office together with the first 
Government fee of $15.00. The specification should contain a 
clear, concise and accurate description of the device and its 
operation; the advantages and conveniences should also appear. 
To this should be subjoined a condensed statement af the inven- 
tion in the form of one or more claims embodying all its novel 
features. These papers are prepared by us with the utmost 
dispatch consistent with good work, on receipt of instructions 
from our clients, after we have advised them as to the patent- 
ability of their devices and forwarded to them copies of any 



JOHN WEDDKKIU RN & CO. 27 

prior jjatents wliicli may be iiecessaiy to acquaint tiiem with the 
]>i'eseiit condition of the art as disclosed by our searcli. Witli 
our letter transmitting the formal papers, we give careful and 
explicit instructions as to the proper mode of execution, attesta- 
tion and legalization. There is thus no occasion for mistake in 
fhis particular. 

For preparing the application and filing and prosecuting the 
case, we charge, where the invention is a simple one, $25.00, 
wliich should be paid when the application papers are returned 
to us by the inventor for filing. This is our total fee, and it is 
as low as it is possible to make it and still reimburse ourselves 
for our time and labor. 

The only way in which precision in the preparation of the 
papers and care and skill in the prosecution of the case can be 
obtained is by the employment of a trustworthy and capable 
attorney. It is not easy to describe an invention and prepare 
the claims in a proper and legal way, so that the patent Avhen 
obtained will have commercial value. This work should only be 
done by a skilled and experienced patent lawyer, one Avho has 
spent his life in the business and has thoroughly mastered its 
details. A claim properly drawn may mean w^ealth to the inven- 
tor, whereas, one improperly drawn generally means the total 
loss, not only of the invention, but also of money put into it. 

The inventor should never endeavor to prepare his own 
application. He is almost sure to blunder. He is apt to leave 
valuable features of his invention unclaimed and attach undue 
importance to some one, and perhaps, immaterial feature. 
Although he may have a good education, and a quick perception 
and some knowledge of patent matters, he cannot have the 
necessary experience to insure absolute accurac}^ We look after 
more patent applications in a week than the individual inventor 
can in a life time. Consequently we know precisely what to do 
in each case. We prepare the very broadest claim that an in vc^n- 
tion will warrant and never cut them down or narrow them 
unless absolutely obliged to do so, by the action of the Patent 
Office. 

The application when filed in the Patent Office is referred to 
an Examiner whose duty it is to decide whether a patent will be 
granted. He can either allow the claims or reject them in Avhole 
or in part. We often secure an allowance on the first action but 
sometimes tlie claims are partially rejected, as we j)iej>are them 



28 JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 

to cover not only what can surely be secured but also what is 
open to doubt. The objection to part can be overcome by 
amendment which we do only after using every effort to obtain 
an allowance of the application as originally presented. For 
making these amendments and arguing the points involved, we 
charge nothing additional. 

While it is not necessary for an inventor to come to Washing- 
ton to look after his case either before or after it has been filed, 
and his presence will in no way facilitate matters and the ex- 
pense of the journej^ will often more than defray the total cost of 
taking out the patent, we shall, however, always be glad to see 
any of our clients and to allow them the use of our offices. We 
have special facilities for the comfort of our patrons which will 
always be at their service. 

DRAWINGS. 

The official drawings are a very important part of an appli- 
cation and they are always required whenever the nature of the 
case will admit of them. They should be made on an enlarged 
scale and the rules and regulations governing their preparation 
are peculiarly strict; moreover, they vary. But few inventors 
are acquainted with these rules, and it is almost impossible for 
any inventor to make drawings which will comply with the rules 
and pass the critical examination given them in the Patent 
Office. It is also generally unadvisable for him to employ a 
draughtsman in his vicinity to prepare the drawings. Draughts- 
men who do not make a specialty of Patent Office drawings are 
not qualified to make them correctly and in accordance with the 
stringent regulations; and even when the drawings are made 
satisfactorily they are very apt to be injured or mutilated in 
transmission through the mail, on account of which they will 
surely be rejected by the Patent Office. 

We prepare official drawings at $5.00 a sheet and in ordinary 
cases but one sheet is required. We also, on request, will send 
a blue print or photographic copy of the drawings to the 
applicant, free of charge. 

TIME NECESSARY TO SECURE PATENT. 

It is impossible to state with certainty the time required to 
secure the allowance of patent. This varies with the division 
in the Patent Office to which the application is referred. There 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 29 

are thirty-two of these divisions and each one is more or less in 
arrears with its work. The usual tim© required, however, is 
from three to eight weeks. We have in a number of instances 
obtained an allowance within two weeks after the filing of the 
application. 

We make it a point to be prompt with our correspondence 
and the preparation of the requisite papers and drawings. Each 
case is filed at the earliest possible moment, and as they are 
taken up for examination by the Patent Office officials in the 
order they were filed there is thus absolutely no delay. 

COST OF PATENT. 

The cost of a patent for a simple invention is $65.00, which 
covers the first Government fee, $15.00, the cost of one sheet of 
drawing, $5.00, the attorney's fee, $25.00, and the final Govern- 
ment fee, $20.00. Most inventions are classed by us as simple 
inventions, especially those having a few parts. For difficult or 
complicated inventions the attorney's fee is more, being usually 
from $50.00 to $100.00. We will always state the exact cost 
after seeing the sketch or model. 

These are the total charges and no extra compensation is 
demanded on any pretext whatever for prosecuting the case to 
final termination before the Primary Examiner. Our fees are as 
low as it is possible to make them taking into consideration the 
high class of work done by us. Those who pretend to secure 
patents for a lower rate are to be looked upon with distrust. 

REMITTANCES. 

The best way to send money is by New York draft, certified 
check, money order, express package or express order. These 
insure absolute protection to the sender. There is no chance of 
loss. 

It will save time for the inventor to remit $20.00 with his first 
letter to cover the first Government fee, $15.00 and the cost of 
one sheet of drawing, $5.00. We will then make a thorough search 
of the Patent Office records, and if a patent can be secured, 
report to him immediately^, prepare the requisite application 
papers and forward them for execution without delay. If the 
search discloses that the invention is anticipated w^e will deduct 
$5.00 for our services and promply return the balance, $15.00, 
making no other or further deductions or charge. If changes or 



JOHN WEDDERBUKN & CO. 31 

modifications in the invention will enable the inventor to obtain 
a patent we will indicate the requisite changes or modifications, 
free of cost. 

WARNING ! 

Patentees as soon as they receive their patents, or within a short 
time after, will be beset, importuned and harassed by offers, propo- 
sitions, requests and solicitations of all kinds and descriptions, 
coming from persons, firms and companies not only in this country 
but also in Europe and even in South America. They may won- 
der how these people got hold of their names and addresses. 
This is very simple; they were taken from the Official Gazette 
published weekly by the Patent Office. The propositions will 
be very attractive and temptingly prepared — just the thing to 
catch the eye and fancy of the unwary. The offers will appear 
''gilt edge." The circulars accompanying them are all high 
sounding and rose colored. Patentees will be surprised at the 
great attention their inventions have attracted at home and 
abroad. Glorious visions of immense fortunes almost within 
their giasp Avill be held up before their eyes. These proposi- 
tions will vary with the ingenuity of their authors. Some will 
pretend to want to purchase patents outright; others to place 
them on royalty; and still others to sell them on commission, 
inclosing formidable looking contracts drawn up in an impressive 
way, highly advantageous to patentees. A favorite scheme with 
these sharks is to solicit patentees to become members of some 
newspaper or advertising association which they can do by the 
payment of a fee, under the pretext that their patents Will 
receive extensive advertising. All of these propositions though 
apparently different will have this one point in common; they 
will require the payment of a fee in cash in advance. One will say 
it is necessary to have money, calling it an extremely small 
amount, to defray the cost of securing copies of the patent for 
distribution; another will call it a membership fee; another tlie 
cost of advertising the patent; another the cost of having 
circulars printed, and so on. There is no end to the pretexts. 
None of these humbugs will help you. Do not send them any 
money. Every cent you pay them is money thrown away. 

SELLING PATENTS. 

The object of most inventors in taking out i)atents is to dis- 
pose of them in some advantageous Avay. The inventors of this 



32 JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 

country are an enterprising and money-making class of people; 
they are not working for fame and glory alone. If honors come 
so much the better; but it is money they are after. And they 
are right. Inventive genius certainly deserves its reward, yet 
the only way recompense can be had is for its possessor to sell 
the result of his genius to those less fortunately endowed. An 
inventor's brains are his working capital and he should make all 
he can out of them. 

After mature consideration and reflection and at the urgent 
solicitation of our clients, we, some time ago, inaugurated our 
''Patent Selling Department." This department is now one of 
the most flourishing branches of our institution, and its develop- 
ment and growth are due solely to the good work done for our 
patrons. We have made a large number of sales and judiciously 
placed many patents on the royalty plan. We are justly proud 
of our success in our new departure. 

There was certainly a crying need for some responsible and 
substantial patent agency to undertake the sale of patents in a 
legitimate way, as there are a great number of unscrupulous and 
dishonest persons ostensibly engaged in selling patents, who do 
nothing whatever for the fees paid to them. Their promises are 
glowing and their circulars striking and convincing, but their 
so-called efforts do not deserve that name and no results are 
accomplished. The money sent them is money wasted. 

We saw no reason why patent selling, as well as any other 
business, could not be conducted in a business-like and reputa- 
ble way and we have succeeded in doing it. We have won the 
confidence of our clients by our straightforward methods and 
our unflagging zeal in their behalf, and we mean to retain it. 

Our plan is simple but yet comprehensive. The essential 
requisite for the sale of a patent is to give it great publicity, to 
let it become publicly known. This we do. We extensively 
advertise every patent entrusted to us for sale or to be placed 
on royalty, in the large metropolitan journals of this country, 
including the " New York World," etc. Tlie combined circulation 
of these papers amounts to over one million a day. We also ad- 
vertise our patents in the National Becorder^ a weekly journal 
published in the City of Washington, D. C, and a valuable class 
paper which circulates exclusively among inventors, patentees^ 
scientific men, manufacturers, capitalists and investors. By 
means of these great advertising mediums every patent that we 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 33 

handle is brought prominently to the attention of over five 
million readers. There can then be no wonder that our patents 
are quickly sold, and good prices obtained for them. 

We also personally present patents to capitalists and manu- 
facturers whenever we can do so. And as we are interested in 
the outcome of our sales, we are active and energetic in our 
efforts and embrace every opportunity which will tend to facili- 
tate the speedy and satisfactory closing of a contract. 

Our commission for selling patents is 10,^ of the purchase 
price if it be $5,000 or less, and 1% if over that amount. Our 
charge for placing patents on royalties varies, but it is always 
as low as it car^ possibly be made. 

OWNERSHIP OF PATENTS. 

The owner of a patent has the exclusive right to make^ use 
and sell his invention. No one can have a similar right without 
his consent. He is secure in his ownership. 

The patentee and his assignee of a part interest are joint 
owners of the patent and each, as an incident of his ownership, 
has the right to use the patent and to manufacture under it. 
But neither can be compelled by his co-owner to join in such use 
or work, or to be liable for the losses which may occur or to 
account for the profits which may arise from such use. They 
may, of course, join in the working of the patent if they desire, 
but they are not bound to do so. 

It is often very important to know in whom is the ownership 
of a patent, as the right to dispose of them, or any interest 
therein, is free and unrestrained. To ascertain this a search of 
the Assignment Eecords is necessary. We make such searches 
and prepare abstracts of title of patents at reasonable rates, 
w:hich vary according to the time and labor involved. 

SALE OF PATENTS AND PATENT RIGHTS, ASSIGNflENTS, 
ROYALTIES AND LICENSES. 

' The sale of patents and patent rights is not hampered in any 
way. It is absolutely free. There is no tax and no restrictions. 
The law provides that : ''Every patent or any interest therein 
shall be assignable in law by an instrument in writing, and the 
patentee or his assignees or legal representatives, may, in like 
manner, grant and convey an exclusive right under the patent 
to the whole or any specified part of the United States." State 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 35 

laws which interfere in any way with these sales or assignments^ 
such as requiring copies of the patent to be filed, or agents to 
be appointed, or licenses to be taken out, or forms to be com- 
plied with, or which in any way whatever impede them, are 
unconstitutional and cannot be enforced. But there is a dis- 
tinction between selling patents and patent rights, and selling 
goods manufactured under patents. All venders of goods or 
manufactured articles must comply with the laws of the state 
governing the selling of such articles. These laws must, how- 
ever, be the same for goods manufactured outside of the state 
as for those manufactured in the state. There can be no unfair 
discrimination. 

Assignments should be in writing and signed by the inventor 
or patentee. To be valid against subsequent assignments or 
transfers for valuable consideration made without notice, they 
must be recorded in the Patent Office within three months from 
the date thereof. Every assignee who has a proper regard for 
his own interest will have his assignment promptly recorded. 
Where it is desired that the patent should issue to an assignee^ 
the assignment must be recorded in the Patent Office not later 
than the day on which the final Glovernment fee is paid. Though 
when there is a proper request in an assignment, the patent will 
issue to the assignee, still the application must be made by the 
inventor and the specification sworn to by him. This cannot be 
done by the assignee. 

Assignments of patents and patent rights should be drawn 
by competent attorneys. Our charge for preparing and record- 
ing an assignment is $5.00. 

Boyalties and Licenses. — A royalty as that word is used in 
business signifies a specified sum of money paid for the privilege 
of manufacturing an article protected by a patent. The usual 
plan is to pay a designated amount on each article or number of 
articles made. The owner of the patent gives the manufacturer 
a license to make and sell the article in a certain place, or gen- 
erally as the case may be, and requires the payment to liimself 
of the tariff or royalty, agreed upon. 

Under what are commonly called ^4icenses" a like privilege 
in a particular town, city, county or district, is granted in con- 
sideration of a definite amount or lump sum. Licenses may be 
verbal, written or printed; if written or printed they should be 
signed. The words royalty or license plan are frequently used 
to indicate the same thing. 



36 JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 

Letting the riglit to manufacture on royalty is often to be 
preferred to the outright sale of a patent, as it usually brings in 
a constant and growing revenue. We prepare royalty deeds 
and licenses. Our charge is $5.00. 

BLANK DEEDS. 

We have a large assortment of blank deeds for the sale of 
patents, state, county, town or shop rights, for granting licenses, 
estc, in quantities to suit at 35 cents per dozen. These deeds 
have been prepared under our direction and for our special use. 
They are neatly and accurately printed on durable linen paper. 

CUTS AND ENGRAVINGS. 

Cuts and engravings are essential for the proper illustration 
of almost all patented devices. By means of them a clear and 
accurate idea of an entire invention can be acquired at a glance, 
and much tedious explanation and description avoided. The 
same cut can oftentimes be used on bills and letter heads, pam- 
phlets and circulars. 

It is poor economy to have cheap cuts as they will not make 
good impressions. The pictures will be blurred and indistinct, 
and but an imperfect idea of the invention can be obtained. It 
is better to have the work satisfactorily done at the start. Good 
cuts and engravings will greatly facilitate the sale of patents 
and of the articles covered by them. 

We can furnish, on short notice, photo-engravings on metal 
at low rates. The impressions produced by our cuts are clear and 
distinct, and the effect bright and artistic. The work is of a 
high grade. 

The cost of photo-engravings is 40 cents per square inch. 
Thus a cut 2 by 3 inches, which contains 6 square inches, will cost 
$2.40. No cut will be made for less than $2.00. 

COPIES OF PATENTS. 

The Patent Office has printed copies made of all patents that 
are issued^ that is, the official drawings are photo-lithographed 
and the specifications are printed. We supply such copies at 15 
cents each. 

Copies of any patent, granted since January 1, 1866, and of 
all drawings belonging to patents issued prior to that time, we 
can furnish at the same rate. Printed copies of specifications of 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 37 

patents issued before January 1, 1866 cannot be obtained. We 
liave, however, facilities for making typewritten copies of such 
specifications at low rates. The charge varies with the time con- 
si^med. 

Any person who wishes a copy of a patent should inform us 
as to the name of the inventor and the number of the patent. 
The desired copy will then be secured and forwarded without 
delay. If this information cannot be furnished and we are 
obliged to make a search for it, we charge $1.00 for our labor. 

RENEWAL OF ALLOWED CASES. 

After an application has been examined and allowed, the 
inventor has six months from the date of allow^ance in which to 
pay the final Government fee of $20.00, to secure the issue of 
patent. The patent will not be issued until this fee is paid and 
the fee must be paid in the required time, six months, or the 
application will lapse and can only be renewed within two years 
upon the payment of an additional Government fee of $15.00. 
When the case is renewed the final Government fee must still 
be paid, and if it be not renewed it will be considered as 
abandoned. 

Inventors will thus see the necessity for promptness in pay- 
ing final Government fees and if their cases lapse they will have 
no one to blame but themselves. 

Our charge for securing renewals in lapsed cases is $5.00. 

CORRECTION OF ERRORS. 

Correction of mistakes and errors in letters patent can be 
made under the following circumstances and no others: 

''Whenever a mistake, incurred through the fault of the 
Patent Office, is clearly disclosed by the records or files of the 
office, a certificate, stating the fact and nature of such mistake, 
signed by the Secretary of the Interior, countersigned by the 
Commissioner of Patents, and sealed with the seal of the Patent 
Office, will, at the request of the patentee or his assignee, be 
indorsed without charge upon tlie letters patent, and recorded 
in the records of patents, and a printed copy thereof attached to 
each printed copy of the specification and drawing. 

"Whenever a mistake, incurred through the fault of the 
office, constitutes a sufficient legal ground for a reissue, such 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 39 

reissue will be made, for the correction of sucli mistakes only, 
witiiout charge of office fees, at the request of the patentee. 

" Mistakes not incurred through the fault of the office, and 
not affording legal grounds for reissue, will not be corrected 
after the delivery of the letters patent to the patentee or his 
agent." 

REISSUES. 

Reissues of letters patent may be granted for the purpose of 
remedying defects contained in original patents. They may be 
obtained when original patents are inoperative or invalid by 
reason of defective or insufficient specifications, or by reason of 
the patentees claiming as their inventions or discoveries more 
than they had a right to claim as new, provided the error has 
arisen through inadvertence, accident, or mistake and without 
any fraudulent or deceptive intentions. 

Reissued patents correspond in date with the originals, and 
are granted to assignees as well as to inventors. The applica- 
tions, however, must be made and the specifications sworn to by 
the inventors, if they be living. No new matter can be intro- 
duced into reissue specifications, and if improvements are to be 
protected original applications therefor must be made. 

Petitions for reissue must be accompanied by certified copies 
of abstracts of title, giving the names of the assignees owning 
any undivided interest in the patents. We furnish these 
abstracts for $5.00. 

Persons wishing their patents examined to ascertain if reis- 
sues can be obtained should send us the numbers of the paten'^s 
and point out specifically the feature or features which they 
wish strengthened. 

It should be borne in mind that reissues to be valid must be 
made promptly; and that applications for reissue should be pre- 
pared only by patent experts as whatever of value there may be 
in a defective patent may be lost by taking out a reissue that is 
wholly invalid. 

The Grovernment fee for a reissue is $30.00; the cost of a 
sheet of drawing is $5.00; and our charges in ordinary cases 
$35.00.. 

EXTENSIONS. 

All patents issued prior to March 2, 1861, had a lifetime of 
14 years and could be extended for the further term of 7 years. 



40 JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 

Since that time the duration of j^atents has been the uniform 
period of 17 years and no extension can be obtained except by 
Act of Congress. 

The law and the regulations of the Patent Office require that 
when applications for the extension of patents have been 
referred to the Commissioner of Patents by Congress, proceed- 
ings will be instituted and conducted in accordance with the 
following rules : 

" The applicant for an extension must furnish to the office a 
statement in writing, under oath, of the ascertained value of the 
invention, and of his receipts and expenditures on account 
thereof, both in this and in foreign countries. This statement 
must be detailed and particular, unless sufficient reasons are 
shown for a failure to make it so. It must in all cases be filed 
with the petition. 

^'Such statement must also be accompanied by a certified 
abstract of title and a declaration under oath setting forth the 
extent of the applicant's interest in the extension sought." 

We attend to securing extensions, but we cannot guarantee 
in any case that an extension will be obtained as it is an exceed- 
ingly difficult matter to secure the passage of any sort of bill by 
Congress. We, however, faithfully represent our clients' in- 
terests and leave nothing undone to accomplish the desired end. 
In our opinion it is generally better for inventors to improve 
their inventions, if possible, and secure patents on the improve- 
ments in the usual way. This is cheaper by far and the result 
more satisfactory. 

MARKING—** PATENTED "— ** PATENT APPLIED FOR." 

Fatented. — All articles made or sold under a patent must be 
marked '' Patented " together with date of the patent. Where 
it is not practicable to mark every article the packages which 
contain them should be marked. 

Patent Applied For. — Every inventor has the right when lie 
has an application for patent pending in the Patent Office to 
manufacture and sell his goods and to mark them '^ Patent Ap- 
plied For." The method of marking is the same as that of 
patented inventions, that is, every article should be marked 
where this can be done and when it is not practicable to do so 
each package containing the articles must be marked. If tlie 
precaution is taken of thus marking goods before the issue of 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 41 

patent there is very little danger of loss in publicly vending 
them. 

No damages can be recovered for the infringement of a 
patent where the patentee fails to comply with these rules, un- 
less it can be proved that the infringer actually knew of the 
patent. 

CAVEATS. 

A caveat is a notice given to the Patent Office of the appli- 
cant's (caveator he is called) claim as inventor, in order to pre- 
vent the grant of a patent to another person for the same inven- 
tion without notice to the caveator. It comprises a specification, 
oath, and, when the nature of the case will admit, a drawing. It 
must be limited to a single invention or improvement. 

Whenever an inventor has conceived a general idea of an in- 
vention or improvement but requires time to perfect and mature 
the device or to complete its details, he should file a caveat to in- 
sure protection. Caveats are kept in the secret archives of the 
Patent Office, and afford protection for one year. They may be 
renewed at the end of the year for an additional year, and so on. 
A renewal fee must be paid in each instance. After a caveat 
has expired, if not renewed, it loses its protective effect. 

The same exactness of description is not required in a caveat 
as in an application for patent, but the caveat must set forthwith 
sufficient precision the object of the invention and its distinguish- 
ing characteristics. From their nature and office caveats should 
only be prepared by skilled and experienced patent attorneys and 
the so-called cheap ones should be studiously avoided. 

American citizens, or persons who have resided in the United 
States for one year and have declared their intention to become 
citizens, are entitled to the protection of a caveat j aliens have 
not this right. 

Caveats are not assignable, but the inventions covered by 
them may be assigned. 

We make a specialty of preparing caveats. The total cost 
including one sheet of drawings is $25.00. Kenewals $15.00. 

INTERFERENCES. 

It often happens that two or more applications from different 
persons for the same patentable invention are pending in the 
Patent Office at the same time. The applications are then said 
to interfere and they are placed, as it is termed, in interference. 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 43 

An interference is declared to be ^'a proceeding instituted for 
the purpose of determining the question of priority of inven- 
tion between two or more parties claiming substantially the 
same patentable invention. The fact that one of the parties has 
already obtained a patent will not prevent an interference, 
for although the Commissioner has no power to cancel a patent, 
he may grant another patent for the same invention to a person 
who proves to be the prior inventor." 

After the declaration of interference, each party is required 
to file a preliminary statement, which must be sworn to, setting 
out when he first conceived the invention; first disclosed it to 
others; first made a drawing or model, and first reduced it to 
practice. Tlie testimony of witnesses should then be taken to 
thoroughly cover these points. Each party is bound by the aver- 
ments contained in his preliminary statement and cannot prove 
the date of invention to be prior to that set out therein. The 
case is argued by counsel and decided by the Patent Office on 
the argument and evidence submitted. The patent is awarded to 
the first inventor. 

Eminent counsel is required for the successful conduct of 
interference cases as a high degree of skill and experience is 
necessary. Slight mistakes are apt to be fatal; too much care 
cannot be taken in the preparation of the papers and in the 
handling of the case from its inception to its termination. 

We have been very successful in the prosecution of interfer- 
ence cases, and we make a specialty of this important branch of 
the patent business in which superior knowledge, care, skill and 
discrimination are most essential. We also have excellent 
facilities for taking depositions of witnesses in any part of the 
United States. 

We cannot state with certainty the charges and expenses in 
interferences as they vary with each case. We will, however, 
always make our fees as reasonable as possible. We guarantee 
the best service. 

APPEALS. 

When a patent has been finally refused by the Primary 
Examiner an appeal may be taken from his adverse decision 
to the Board of Examiners-in-Chief. The Government appeal 
fee is $10.00. Our fee in ordinary cases is $15.00, which includes 
the cost of preparing the necessary appeal papers and arguing 
tlie case. 



44 JOHN WEDDEKBUKN & CO. 

If the decision of the Board of Examiners-in-Chief be adverse 
an appeal may be taken to the Commissioner in person. Gov- 
ernment appeal fee $20.00; attorney's fee (usually) $25.00. It is 
rarely necessary or advisable to carry ordinary cases further 
than this. 

From the decision of the Commissioner a further appeal may 
be taken to the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia. 
The costs of conducting appeals before the court vary. We 
always make our charges as low as it is possible to do taking 
into consideration the character of the work involved and the 
experience required for the successful handling of such cases. 

Washington attorneys can prosecute appeal cases, as well as 
applications before the Patent Oifice, with no additional charges 
for traveling expenses, hotel bills, etc., or for the employment 
of special assistance. We make a specialty of appeals. 

REJECTED CASES. 

There are a great number of valuable and important inven- 
tions among the rejected cases in the Patent Office. It might 
almost be said that as much ingenuity and inventive genius are 
shown in these inventions as in the patented ones. 

Applicants should remember that Patent Office Examiners 
can, and often do, make mistakes; and should not think because 
their cases are rejected that patents cannot be obtained. Pat- 
ents are ferquently refused when by skillful handling of the 
applications they could have been secured. A great many rejec- 
tions are due to the improper preparation of the cases: applicants 
without any special skill in patent practice, prepare their own 
applications, or employ incompetent and negligent solicitors to 
do so; the result is the cases become tangled up, involved and 
confused, and patents will not be allowed. The inventors then 
get discouraged, but unnecessarily. They should consult an ex- 
perienced Washington patent lawyer. He will be able to give 
the case his personal attention and to put it in proper shape 
before the office. Under his skillful guidance beneficial results 
can be speedily looked for. 

Although a case may have been rejected for a number of 
years, a valid patent can often be procured by filing a new 
application, provided the invention has not been in public use 
or on sale more than two years before the new application is 
filed. 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 45 

Inventors having rejected or defective patent cases should 
write to us and send any official letters they have received 
together with $5.00. We will then examine the case, ascertain 
its exact status and inform them what is best to be done and our 
fee for doing the requisite work. The $5.00 sent us in the first 
place will be deducted from our fee. Our terms are moderate. 
With our experience we can secure patents if anyone can. 

INFRINGEMENTS. 

Infringement, as that word is used in patent litigation, is 
defined to consist in the use, sale or manufacture of something 
already patented, to the injury of the patentee ; and the question 
of infringement is involved in almost all such litigation. 

The granting of a patent does not insure that the invention 
covered thereby can be made without infringing a prior patent, 
as an improvement may be novel and therefore entitled to a pat- 
ent, and still it may be impossible to manufacture the improve- 
ment without making use of another patented device. 

The Patent Office has no jurisdiction in infringement cases. 
They are peculiarly for the courts. There can be no infringe- 
ment until patent issues, as it is the patent which is infringed 
and not the invention. Nor can there be an infringement of an 
expired patent (one over 17 years old), as the public has the 
right to make use of it ; nor of an invalid patent. 

Before beginning a suit for infringement the complaining 
party should have a thorough investigation of the Patent Office 
records made and his patent carefully examined, to ascertain if 
he can sustain his suit. Expensive and disastrous litigation can 
often be prevented in this way. Or if embarked in, it is with 
reasonable assurance of success. 

Every patentee or manufacturer before investing in costly 
machinery, or buying an extensive plant for the manufacture of 
a patented article, should know whether he is liable to be closed 
up by an injunction and held responsible in damages at the suit 
of a prior patentee. And this information can only be ascer- 
tained by an "infringement search" of the Patent Office 
Records. All analogous prior patents must be examined and 
carefully considered in relation to the patent under investiga- 
tion. This examination should only be made by experienced 
and skillful patent lawyers, as fortunes may depend upon their 
decision. 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 47 

We are prepared to make these searches and examinations 
in a most thorough way and to give reliable and trustworthy 
opinions. Our charges are moderate. 

PATENTS FOR DESIGNS. 

The law authorizing the issue of design patents is very broad. 
These patents may be granted to any person, whether man or 
woman, adult or minor, citizen or alien, who, by his own indus- 
try, genius, effort and expense, has invented or produced any new 
and original design for a manufacture, bust, statue, alto-relievo or 
bas-relief- any new or original design for the printing of wool- 
ens, silk, cotton or other fabrics; any new and original impres- 
sion, ornament, pattern, print, or picture to be printed, painted, 
cast or otherwise placed on or marked into any article of man- 
ufacture; or any new, useful or original shape or configuration 
of any article of manufacture, the same not having been known 
or used by others before his invention or production thereof, or 
patented or described in any printed publication. 

All new designs should be protected. Design patents for the 
pattern of a machine or designs on a machine can be secured in 
addition to a mechanical patent for the machine itself. These 
patents are never issued for mechanical devices, but only for 
orn am en t al feature s. 

Design patents have been liberally construed by the courts. 
They hold that such a patent covers not only the exact form or 
configuration shown in the drawing but also those Avliich have a 
near enough resemblance to appear the same to ordinary obser- 
vers. Or in other words tlie holder of a design patent cannot be 
defrauded of his riglits by anyone who unscrupulously makes an 
immaterial change in tlie design. 

The total cost of a design patent including one sheet of draw- 
ings is: — 

Patent for three and a half years $40.00 

Patent for seven years 50.00 

Patent for fourteen years 65.00 

All who desire to secure design patents should inform us as 
to their full name and send us a sketch or model of their 
designs. They should also remit the requisite fees and indicate 
the length of time for Avliich they wish the patents to run. Tlie 
application papers, whicli include the petition, specification, 



48 JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 

oath and drawings will be promptly prepared and forwarded for 
approval and execution. When the papers are returned they 
will be filed in the Patent Office without delay and the case dili- 
gently prosecuted. 

PATENTS FOR COMPOSITIONS, $60.00. 

We also make a specialty of securing patents on composi- 
tions or compounds. All who have new and useful compositions 
which they wish to protect should advise us as to the name and 
quantity of each ingredient used, the manner of compounding 
them and the use or uses to which the composition may be put. 
$20.00 should be remitted to cover the preliminary fees. This 
amount will be applied to the first Govermment fee and in part 
payment of the attorney fee. The total cost of a patent for a 
composition of matter is $60.00. 

PATENTS FOR MEDICAL COMPOUNDS, $60.00. 

Patents may be secured for medical compounds at a total 
cost of $60.00, but under the present stringent rulings of the 
Patent Office it is a difficult matter to obtain the allowance of such 
a patent. The Commissioner almost invariably holds that med- 
ical compounds are nothing more than the result of a prescrip- 
tion that any physician might write and that no invention is 
involved in making them. Because of this we usually advise 
our clients who have medical compounds on which they wish 
protection to register trade-marks for them. The protection 
afforded by a trade-mark is in some respects preferable to that 
of a patent. In applying for a trade-mark it is not necessary to 
disclose the formula for making the compound which must be 
done if a patent is applied for. This non-disclosure enables the 
owner to keep the ingredients of his medicine secret. The med- 
icine is thus less liable to be made and sold by irresponsible 
persons. Most of the so-called patent medicines are protected 
by trade-marks only. 

TRADE=MARKS. 

A trade-mark may consist of any non- descriptive y» ord or 
words, sign, symbol, picture, figure, autograph, monogram 
or any combination of any or all of them. It need not be 
new or original, but it should be new to purpose to which it is 
applied. Thus a trade-mark on '' The Rising Sun " applied to 



JOHN WEDDERBTJRN & CO. 49 

flour, would not prevent the registration of the same words as 
applied to stove polish. The mere name of the applicant can- 
not be registered, but his name together with a device or design, 
etc., is entitled to registration. Nor can descriptive words be 
registered. For instance ^' Washing Soap " or " Canned Corn.'' 
But descriptive words combined with non-descriptive words 
may be registered. Thus " Eureka Washing Soap " and "Excel- 
sior Canned Corn " are properly registrable. 

Any person, firm or corporation may obtain registration of 
trade-marks in the United States. Trade-marks are registered 
for 30 years and may be renewed for 30 years longer. 

The value of a trade-mark is that the owner is entitled to its 
exclusive use, and no one by counterfeiting or making a color- 
able imitation of the mark can derive any rights or advantages 
therefrom } moreover the counterfeiter or imitator is liable to 
an action of damages and to restraint by injunction. A trade- 
mark also makes known the goods bearing it at a glance, and 
secures to the owner or proprietor all the benefits accruing 
from the reputation he may have made or built up for his goods 
under the trade-mark or name. The registration of a trade- 
mark is prima facie evidence of ownership. 

Persons wishing to know whether certain words or devices 
have been registered as trade -marks can procure this informa- 
tion by communicating with us. The cost of making the requi- 
site search of the records is $5.00 

In order to enable us to prepare the formal papers and 
drawings to secure the registration of a trade-mark we should 
be furnished with the name of the owner, and if a firm be the 
proprietor, the names of the individual members thereof, their 
residences and place of business, a description of the mark and 
the class of merchandise on which it is used, including a particu- 
lar description of the goods comprised in such class. The total 
cost of a trade-mark is $55.00 covering a Grovernment fee of 
$25.00, attorney fee of $25.00, and $5.00 the cost of one sheet of 
official drawings. 

A trade-mark cannot be registered unless it has been used in 
commerce with a foreign nation or Indian tribe. This provision 
of the law can be complied with by sending samples to a dealer 
in Canada or Mexico or to an Indian agent. 

The right to the use of a trade-mark is assignable in writing 
and such assignment should be recorded in the Patent Office. 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 51 

We prepare tliese assignments. The cost of preparation and 
recording is $5.00. 

Trade-marks can be registered in foreign countries having 
treaties with the United States. 

LABELS. 

Prints and labels to be used in connection with articles of 
manufacture may be registered in the Patent Office. The certifi- 
cate of registration will continue in force for 28 years. 

The words ''prints" and "labels" as used in the act, are nearly 
synonymous, and are defined as any device, picture, word or 
words, figure or figures impressed or stamped directly upon man- 
ufactured articles, or upon a slip or piece of paper, or other 
material, to be attached in any manner to the articles, or to 
bottles, boxes and packages containing them, to indicate the 
contents of the packages, the name of the manufacturer or the* 
place of manufacture, the quantity of goods, directions for use, 
etc. No print or label can be registered as such if it contains 
matter registerable under the trade-mark law, in which case a 
trade-inark should be registered ; then the print or label embody- 
ing the trade-mark may be registered. 

The entire cost of registration under this act, including 
the Government fee is $30. Citizens of this country and of 
certain European countries having treaties with the United 
States are entitled to the benefits of the act. Registered prints 
and labels are assignable in writing. We prepare such assign- 
ments. Cost of preparation and recording $5.00. 

COPYRIGHTS. 

The law provides that any citizen or resident of the United 
States who is the author, designer or proprietor of any book, 
map, chart, dramatic or musical composition, engraving, cut, 
print, or photograph, or negative thereof, or a painting, drawing, 
chromo, statuary, models or designs intended to be perfected as 
works of fine art, may obtain a copyright. 

To secure a copyright the title or description of the bcok or 
article must be filed with the Librarian of Congress, on or 
before the day of publication ; and to perfect the copyright two 
copies of the work must be delivered to the Librarian not later 
than the day of publication. 

Persons desiring copyrights should send us their names and 



52 JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 

residence, the title of the book, map, dramatic or musical 
composition, cut, print or pliotograph, or a description of the 
painting, drawing, statue, etc., and state whether they claim the 
right as author, designer or proprietor. The work itself need 
not be sent. The cost of a copyright is $6.00. 

Copyrights may be secured for projected as well as for 
complete works. Each nnmher oi Si periodical requires a sepa- 
rate copyright. The title of the periodical should include the 
date and number. 

The term of a copyright is 28 years, and it may be renewed 
witliin six months before the end of that time for a further term 
of 14 years. 

Copyrights are assignable in writing. Such assignments 
should be recorded in the office of the Librarian of Congress. 

The copyright certificates will be sent to applicants as soon 
"as they are received. 

The citizens or subjects of the principal European countries 
are, by Presidential proclamations, entitled to avail themselves 
of the privileges of our copyright laws. 



FOREIGN PATENTS. 

WHY THEY SHOULD BE SECURED. 

American inventions are held in great favor in foreign coun- 
tries. Such is the repute and fame of our citizens for ingenuity 
and inventive genius that foreign capitalists are not only ready 
and willing to manufacture under patents granted by their own 
government to Americans, but are exceedingly anxious to con- 
trol them. At the great International Expositions at Vienna, 
Paris and Antwerp the superiority of American machinery and 
manufactures was most apparent and foreign capitalists were 
not slow to appreciate it. The principal awards were made to 
American exhibiters, the articles displayed by them quickly dis- 
posed of, and large contracts entered into for immense quanti- 
ties of our machinery, farming and mining implements, etc. 
The great progress made by this country in the arts was pre- 
sented in a forcible and striking way to our own countrymen at 
the 'World's Fair " and the '^ Atlanta Exposition." 

Foreign patents are valuable pieces of property and are be- 
coming more so. The demand for American improvements is 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 53 

great and steadily increasing, and large fortunes are often made 
by American inventors from the sale of their foreign patents. 

The commercial value of patents depends altogether upon 
their scope, strength and validity, and this is especially true of 
foreign patents as they are granted in most of the countries 
without an examination, their validity to be determined by the 
courts in a proper case. It will thus be apparent that the 
services of a skilled and experienced attorney, and one who is 
acquainted with the patent laws of the different foreign coun- 
tries, are essential. 

It is very important to know the time at which an application 
for a foreign patent should be filed. Generally this should be 
done the day the American patent is issued. For if a description 
of the invention is published in a foreign country before appli- 
cation in that country is made, a valid patent cannot be obtained. 
And whenever a patent is issued in this country a copy of the 
claims and drawings are printed in the Official Gazette^ which 
is published weekly, and immediately mailed to the principal 
foreign countries. The coming of the Gazette into a country 
is generally considered a publication in that country which will 
defeat the grant of a valid patent, and this is especially true of 
Great Britain and Germany. Moreover it is advisable in all 
foreign countries that the patent application should be filed on 
the day of issue of the United States patent, as patents are 
usually limited to expire with the termination of the earliest 
foreign patent, but if two or more are granted on the same day 
in different countries the life of one is then not controlled by the 
life of another. To illustrate : if a French patent is granted be- 
fore the United States patent on the same invention is issued, 
the French patent being limited to expire at the end of fifteen 
years, the United States patent will expire at the same time. 
Though if the French patent and the United States patent had 
been issued on the same day the shorter duration of the term 
of the French patent would have no effect on the United 
States patent which would run its full term of seventeen 
years. 

Our patent laws have a special provision for the protection 
of inventors who wish to take out foreign patents. They provide 
that a patent application may remain in the Patent Office and be 
kept secret for a period of six months after the application has 
been allowed^ thus enabling the inventor to apply for foreign 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 55 

patents in ample time to secure valid ones and in advance of all 
other applicants. During this time the inventor should not make 
public or disclose in any way his invention, for in England a 
patent is granted to the first applicant whether he be the inven- 
tor or not. Some unscrupulous persons have been known to 
make use of their knowledge of inventions to secure valuable 
British patents, without the consent of the inventors and to their 
decided pecuniary loss. 

By the " International Convention for the Protection of In- 
dustrial Property," entered into a few years ago, by the follow- 
ing countries, certain advantages accrue to patentees who wish to 
take out foreign patents: Belgium, Brazil, France, Great Britain, 
Gruatemala, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, San Domingo, 
Servia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunis and the United States. 

Under this convention, patentees in any of the countries 
which have agreed to the convention, are allowed six months 
from the time their applications were originally filed^ in which to 
apply for patents, in the other countries, and one month addi- 
tional is granted where the countries are beyond the sea. Thus 
if an American patentee file an application in any or all of the 
countries just enumerated, witliin seven months after Ms appli- 
cation iv as filed in the United States^ his foreign application will 
be given the same date as the application in this country. And 
if any other person, in the meanwhile, has applied for a foreign 
patent on the same invention, or the invention has been pub- 
lished or publicly worked in any of the countries the patentee 
may still secure a valid patent, which will be superior to any 
patent that may have been previously granted to another for the 
same device. The convention affords full protection if the ap- 
plications are filed in the limited time. 

The charges for securing patents in foreign countries have 
been greatly reduced by us. We can afford to make a reduction 
in the usual charges because of the large volume of foreign 
business we handle. We have correspondents in all of the 
principal countries, and our facilities for obtaining foreign 
patents in the shortest possible time are unsurpassed. We 
make a specialty of this line of work. We are thoroughly con- 
versant with the patent laws of the different countries, and we 
give a high grade of service at the lowest rates. 

The best countries in which to take out foreign patents are 
mentioned below together with brief abstracts of their laws 
on the subject. 



56 JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 

\M-lX^l^y^) CANADA, ^/it?. — ZTjfA^, 

Owing to the geographical nearness of Canada to the United 
States and the facility with which commerce is carried on be- 
tween tlie two countries, almost all American inventions should 
be protected by Canadian patents. The patent laws of Canada 
are very liberal. Citizens of this country can secure patents in 
Canada on the same terms as Canadians, but if the inventions 
have been already patented here the Canadian applications must 
be filed within one year after the United States patents were 
issued. It is extremely advantageous, however, to file applica- 
tions in Canada as soon as possible after the American patents 
have issued, as the Official Gazette which contains a copy of the 
drawings and claims of each patent granted by the United 
States, is extensively circulated in Canada in a few days after 
each '•'- issue day " (Tuesday of every week) in this country. For 
the laws of Canada provide : '' If any person shall have com- 
menced to manufacture in Canada an article for which a patent 
is afterwards obtained, such person shall continue to have the 
right to manufacture such article notwithstanding the patent." 
Canadian patents are granted for the term of eighteen years 
— for six years at first, to be extended to twelve and eighteen 
years by the payment of additional Grovernment fees. These 
patents cover the provinces of British Columbia, Manitoba, New 
Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward's Island and 
Quebec. The cost of a six years' patent is $30.00, and to extend it 
to twelve years $20.00, and for the extension to eighteen years a 
further payment of $20.00. The whole government fee of 
/ ^ ^y^ $60.00 can be paid at once togetJier with our fee of $ 10.00, and 
an eighteen years' patent obtained in the first place. Models 
are not required in Canada. 

MEXICO. ^5.(7 (? 

Mexico, a sister Eepublic, lies immediately adjacent to the 
United States on the south. Our intercourse with that country 
is intimate and our commercial relations very close. Great-pro- 
gress has been made in Mexico in the arts and sciences during 
the past twenty-five years. There are now a large number of 
Mexican factories, and the mining industries of Mexico are 
known the world over. The value of a Mexican patent on min- 
ing machinery cannot be overestimated. We advise all Ameri- 
can inventors of mining apparatus and implements to protect 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 57 

them by Mexican patents. Patents granted by Mexico on any 
sort of machinery are valuable. 

Mexican patents run for the term of ten years. C ost. S200.00. f i o oM ) 
Application must be made before the invention has been pub- 
lished in Mexico or abroad. Publications by foreign patent 
offices will not defeat the grant of patent. 

GREAT BRITAIN. ^^. ^Q ^ y^/ 

Great Britain is one of the foremost countries in manufactures 
and agriculture. Her subjects are peculiarly progressive and 
enterprising. American inventions are looked upon with high 
regard and capitalists are ever ready to take hold and work 
them, if protected by British patents. 

Patents are granted by Great Britain for the term of four- 
teen years, and they are not affected by the expiration of prior 
foreign patents. A British patent covers England, Ireland, 
Scotland, Wales and the Channel Islands. The cost of patent 
i s $65.00. Provisional protection for nine months can be se- 
cured if desired. Cost $25.00. After provisional protection 
has been obtained, the cost of complete patent is $50.00. Ap- 
plication must be made before the invention has been fully pub- 
lished or made publicly known in Great Britain. . 

FRANCE.-^7^. -d^T^^ 
A French patent covers France and her colonies. The term 
is fifteen years, but will expire with a prior foreign patent of 
shorter duration. C ost. $70.00. Application must be made 
before the invention has been fully published or used in France 
or abroad. , \ 

QERMANY.-^^^", " k^ T^^ 
A German patent covers Baden, Bavaria, Prussia, Saxony 
and Wurtemburg. Duration of patent is fifteen years, and is 
not affected by a prior foreign patent of shorter term. Cost, 
$75.00. Application must be made before publication of the 
invention in any country. 

AUSTRIA. ^7^. -6s'y) 

Patents are granted for the term of fifteen years, but will 
expire with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. Cost, $75.00. 
Application must be made before the invention is published or 
used in Austria. 



58 • JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. . . 

BELaiUM.-^6"C. -(AO/^; 

Belgian patents are granted for twenty years, but will expire 
with a prior foreign patent of shorter term. C ost^ ,1^50.0(^ Appli- 
cation must be made before the invention has been published or 
used in Belgium, and before any patent therefor is actually 
issued in another country. 

SPAIN. '^^a -(a.<»7^) 

A Spanish patent covers Spain and all her colonies. Patents 
are granted for twenty years if applied for before the invention 
has become publicly known in Spain or elsewhere. If the inven- 
tion has been already patented abroad, a patent may be obtained 
for ten years, provided the application be made in Spain within 
two years from the date of the foreign patent; should more than 
two years have elapsed, the term will be for five years only. 
Cost of patent, $80.00. 

Patents are granted for fifteen years. Cos t. S85.00. Appli- 
cation must be made before the invention has been published, 
or become publicly known in Italy. If the invention lias been 
previously patented abroad, application must be made before the 
expiration of the foreign patent. 

NORWAY. ^7^.-^^')^) 

Duration of patent, fifteen years. Cost, f70.00. Application 
must be made before the invention is so well known in Norway 
that it can be carried out by otliers. Publications in print or 
the exhibition of the invention will not defeat a patent, if the 
application be made in six months thereafter. 

SWEDEN. /^. V. ^ 

Patents are granted for fifteen years. Cost, $75.00. Appli- 
cation must be made before the invention has been fully 
described in any publication, or so openly used that others may 
work the invention. Publication by foreign patent authorities, 
or the exhibition of the invention, will not prevent the grant of 
patent if application be made in six months from such publica- 
tion or exhibition. 

The rates for securing patents in the other countries, together 
with full information will be cheerfully furnished on application. 



60 JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO, 

REFERENCES. 

The national reputati n which this firm enjoys would seem 
to make the presentation of testimonials unnecessary ; but we 
would call the attention of those who have, as yet, had no deal- 
ings with us to the warm endorsements of our business methods 
printed below. These letters, which have been addressed to 
Mr. Wedderburn by some of the most prominent men in public 
life, and who are personal friends of long standing, comprise 
but a small number of those we have received : 

From Senator Gorman^ of Maryland* 
^CniicJ) S>ictU^ ^cnate^ 

WASHINGTON, o. c.. May 29, 1896 • 



John Wedderburn, Esq., 

Solicitor of American and Foreign Patents, 
Washington, D. C. 
My dear Sirr- 

I am very glad to learn that you have opened an office to 
conduct "business as a solicitor of American and Foreign patents, and 
I assure you T wish you great success. 

It frequently happens that constituents make inquiries of me 
relative to patents and I shall be very glad to refer them to you 
as I believe you will give careful attention to any matter entrus- 
ted to ^ur charge. 

Yours truly. 




JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 



61 



From Hon. M. G. Emery, President Second National Bank. 



2038. 



^:(^S.^'ne^y0^^'^ .^_^^^.*^^ir./.e^ ^^dn.^.($,>^^A/f.^^^^-. 

% eritnd Nation al fli auk 

\y^.^ M July 17, yM^. 



John Wedderburn, Esq., 

Washington, D. C. 
My dear Sir: 

I am pleased to note that you a-re developing 
your business so satisfactorily, and beg to assure 
you of my hearty good will. The energy, intelli- 
gence and enterprise which have marked your business 
methods cannot fail of success, especially when 
coupled with strict persojial integrity and honorable 
dealing. 




62 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO, 



From Senator Stewart^ of Nevada. 
l\ixx\iQ^ JSyiaic^ ^cnaic, 

WASHINGTON, D.C. ZXO^Q 1, 1896, 

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: 

1 have known Mr. John Wedderburn for a 
number of years, and have always found him to behonest aid 
straightforwaid. He is bright and intelligent and full of energy. 
He has good business qualifications, and has had narked success 
in all his undertakings. I feel confident that any business in- 
trusted to him will be attended to intelligently and with dispatch. 




64 JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 



From Senator Cullom^ of Illinois. 
United States Senate, 

'^ Washington, D. C, June 1, 1895. 

Mr. John Wedderburn, Washington, D. C. 

My Dear Sir : — I observe that you are now engaged in the business of a solicitor 
of American and Foreign Patents, Trade-marks, Copyrights, etc. I hope you will 
find the business agreeable, and that you will be successful in it. With my knowl- 
edge of your energy and ambition to succeed in tlie world, I have no doubt you will 
make a success. There is abundance of room for good men, and men who will give 
close attention to such business. 

With best wishes, I am, very truly yours, 

S. M. CULLOM. 



From Senator Hansbrough^ of North Dakota. 
United States Senate, 

Washington, D. C, June 1, 1896. 
John Wedderburn & Co., 618 F St., :N". W., Washington, D. C. 

G-entlemen : — It gives me great pleasure to express my complete confidence in 
your ability to attend strictly to all business in regard to American and Foreign 
Patents, and I recommend you to the kind consideration of my friends. 

Truly, 

H. C. HANSBROUGH. 



From Senator Mitchell, of Oregon. 
United States Senate, 

Washington, D. C, May 29, 1896. 
John Wedderburn, Esq., 618 F St., :N'. W., Washington, D. C. 

My Dear Sir : — I learn, through mutual friends, that you are now engaged in the 
business of soliciting American and Foreign Patents, and I take pleasure in com- 
mending you to those interested as a very competent solicitor and in all respects 
trustworthy. Those having business of the character in which you are engaged can 
feel assured that the same will receive careful attention, if entrusted to you. 
Wishing you every success, I am, yours very sincerely, 

J0H:N^ H. MITCHELL. 



From Senator Carter, of Montana. 
United States Senate, 

Washington, D. C, May 29, 1896. 
To Whom it May Concern. 

I beg leave to state that I have known Mr. John Wedderburn, of Washington 
city, for many years as a competent, trustworthy, energetic young man and, in my 
opinion, business entrusted to his care will receive prompt and proper attention. 

Yery respectfully, 

T. H. CARTER. 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 



65 



We respectfully refer to the following as a few persons for 
whom we have secured patents ; 



ALABAMA. 

T. F. Harris Aniston 

T. T. Harris Bessemer 

John W. Johnson Wagar 

Henry Wagner Cullman 

Jas. Hastings Riverton Junction 

ARIZONA. 

J. S. Deats and T\ R. Stewart. . .Phoenix 

F. P. Fowler Phoenix 

Morris Gold water Prescott 

B. F. Pascoe Globe 

Harding & Dorris Phoenix 

Wm. Ryan Globe 

ARKANSAS. 

J. W. Claxton Barren Fork 

Miss Mattie Gray Heber 

Julius Alexander Pine Bluff 

W. E. Holder and C. E. Reed 

Arkadelphia 

Esten Peloubet Alexander 

L. Hough Helena 

Jas. M. Flower Potts Station 

Bud Jones Lockesburg 

Pearl Keyes Hot Springs 

CALIFORNIA. 

W. B. Comstock Oak Bar 

C. H. Abel and J. W. Daly . . . .Maxwell 

E. E. Barry Elk Grove 

Alpha Bur ker Hueneme 

J. W. Bennett Cosunines 

J". H. Bates Santa Barbara 

Chas. Bisi Selma 

Miss F. M. Blamyer Alameda 

J. M. Blasi San Francisco 

Chambers & Gruver.. Bitter Water P. O. 

G. W. Cody Grangeville 

Andrew Clancey San Diego 

W. S. Cranmer Hanford 

H. B. Cary Los Angeles 

P. B. Collier and H. Dignard. . .Lakeport 

J. A. Bisceglia San Jose 

Joseph Bacher Santa Monica 

J. Riley Jones Los Angeles 

James T. Ish San Francisco 

Elijah Hickman Red Bluff 

August F. Hilker Corning 

Leo Kimmick Los Angeles 

James Kelly San Francisco 

W. F. Kausen Ferndale 

W, C. Keithly San Francisco 

M. P. Kelly and E. Hollo way . Healdsburg 

Mrs. Grace M. Kimball Oakland 

Rob't F. Mchols Alturas 

Samuel Todd Alturas 

L. L. Dennick Los Angeles 

Chas. E. S. Dunlevy Oakland 

Oliver C. Frame Pasadena 

T. A. Fairbairn San Diego 

H. S. Gaylord Armona 

D. Gutermute Petaluma 

James Garrett Visalia 

A. P. Gordon San Francisco 

W. E. Gladstone San Francisco 

J. B. Giff en and H. R. Blair . . Sacramento 

John Geisendorf er Wiemar 

Joseph J. Hall Woodland 



CALIFORNIA— C^;^//;^«^^. 

Horst Bros Sacramento 

E. J. Leavitt Sacramento 

T. J. Leavitt Sacramento 

T. B. Lovdal . Sacramento 

H. M. Little Rivera 

Fred Lind San Francisco 

Lewis M. Long Portersville 

M. H. Lothrop Jacinto 

H. Lahann Traver 

Rob't J. Holland Nevada City 

J. J. Evans San Francisco 

Henry J. Weeks Yista 

H. York and T. Austin Colton 

O. W. Beach South Riverside 

H. S. Borette . . Susanville 

Geo. B. Carter San Francisco 

H. O. Deuss San Francisco 

E. L. Ward Santa Rosa 

Stephen Hamilton Fresno 

W. B. Hopkins San Francisco 

J. R. Hodges Covina 

L. W. Hihn San Jose 

S. G. Lusher Pasadena 

Geo. W. Ounsley, Jr San Jose 

A. A. Polhamus . San Diego 

H. O. Palmer .Chico 

A. L. Reynolds Perris 

W. S. Miller Milpitas 

H. Morin San Leandro 

Juan W. McCoy San Francisco 

H. Merz PoUasky 

J. H. Macartney .San Francisco 

Rob't Moody Yentura 

F. P Mann San Francisco 

John J. McManus San Francisco 

B. O. McCoy Suisun 

Isaac Watson Durham 

A. C. Jochmus and F. M. Broughton 

Monterey 

Alfred T. Stimson .... Bayside 

Wm. H. Haw Fields Landing 

A. Marks San Francisco 

W. C. Nelson Santa Rosa 

H. H. Neibur Ferndale 

Ernest Narjot San Francisco 

W. H. Perkins and W. L. Cronenberg. . . 

Long Beach 

Frank S. Reager Orland 

Geo. R. Richardson Latrobe 

Joseph Rowan . . Los Angeles 

Capt. A. J. Rogers San Diego 

James E. Riley .Los Angeles 

S. Shoemaker Ono 

Capt. Rob't Sudden Yentura 

Sprague & Mclntyre Redlands 

P. B. Southworth Marysville 

H. H. Thomas San Francisco 

Daniel Tierney lone 

W. S. Yestal San Bernardino 

T. C. Sisk Millville 

J. O. Sprague Sacramento 

G. A. Teel Newport Beach 

Mrs. H. Webber San Chualar 

Geo. N. W. Wilson San Francisco 

W. G. Wille Sacramento 

C. N. Whitaker Oakland 

Julius Schade Los Angeles 

M. E. Peterson Red Bluff 

J. G. Coe Neenach 



66 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 



CALWORNIA—Conh'nued. 

Max Boelte Los 

V. R. Cayce and G. B. Croner. .Anaheim 

Philip S. Driver Sacramento 

Rob't A. O. Brien San Francisco 

Warren Richards Truckee 

Peter H. Flanzburg Los Banos 

E. E. Katz San Bernardino 

P. S. Dusenbury Oakland 

Jos. J. Hall Los Angeles 

J. E. Schneider Lancaster 

Wm. H. McDonald Redlands 

A. Gr. Dahmer San Francisco 

Dr. W. 'N. Sherman Merced 

Christ. Christensen Oakland 

Mrs. M. E. Yan Luven Oakland 

J. W. T. Morris Suramerland 

John C. Manuel Smith River 

L. E. McCabe Oakland 

Walter E. Downs Sutter Creek 

J. E. Hutchison San Francisco 

Russell B. Frisbey Eureka 

COLORADO. 

Oeo. Kennan Boulder 

Elmer E. Ward Colorado Springs 

Casper Zimmerman Denver 

Free & Heath Denver 

C. Harry Smith Leadville 

Jas. L. Hamilton Alamosa 

Edw. E. Willever Denver 

C. S. Cassard Silverton 

L. Kafka Lake City 

Hugh Lind Whitewater 

Hugh F. Watts and Alonzo Coan. Boulder 

Martin L. Haynes Silver Cliff 

Anders Gr. Carlson Rico 

C. H. Roche Grand junction 

Wm. Barth Eastonville 

W. F. Kintner Leadville 

Rob't Holmes Canon City 

J L. Woolson Denver 

DISTRICT OF COLUHBIA. 

W. C. Souder AYashington 

Allen McDonald Washington 

L S. Sherwin Washington 

FLORIDA. 

Buttweiler & Stuntebeck St. Joseph 

R. P. Green Greensboro 

J. F. Haines West Palm Beach 

GEORGIA. 

J. C. Schuler Lanier 

J. M. Kennedy Douglasville 

W. M. Brevard Macon 

IDAHO. 

J. C. Wolfe and T. A. Brown. . .Moscow 

L. L. Booth Isabelle 

A. C. Osterman ]Srewport 

R. Hageman Mullan 

W. H. Hooper Moscow 

C. B. Taylor Idaho Falls 

Barry IST. Hilliard Murray 

Otis J. Merritt Coeur d' Alene 

H. A. Nicholson Pocatello 

ILLINOIS. 

E. W. Applegate Chicago 

D. A. Leonard Shannon 



ILLINOIS— Continued. 

Abel M. Rauson Chicago 

John F. Ridder Quincy 

Richard J. Hartford Chicago 

Joseph J. Speck Chicago 

W. D. Caldwell Dallas City 

M. Wagner Willow Spring 

D. M. Humiston Peru 

C. S. Kraber Quincy 

D. L. Johnson and D. F. Hoots 

Cook's Mills 

Charles Hadden Wauponsee 

Jno. W. Anderson, Jr Hardin 

Henry Meins Quincy 

Ambrose Villars Rossville 

S. Smith .New Hartford 

A. L. Hemx)hill Gillespie 

G. L. Gullif ord Bement 

INDIANA. 

R. O. S. Bosworth Portland 

Luke Woodward Muncie 

E. R. Kirby Terre Haute 

H. S. Glick Terre Haute 

Lehman & Kraus Peru 

Al. Hayward Warsaw 

Albert G. Wade Elkhart 

Wm. H. Fox Bluffton 

D. M. Scheffer New Castle 

Jacob Teeter Hagerstown 

B. F. Alter Russiaville 

John F. Forsyth Bloomington 

W. F. Robbins Westport 

Aaron Turley Orleans 

M. F. Ross Windfall 

Jas. W. Jacobs Jeffersonville 

T. R. Maddock Ellwood 

Mrs. A. E. Wolford Albion 

IOWA. 

Isaiah Armand Gaza 

E. Te Paske Orange City 

M. J. Cheney and H. Berch Taylor 

Jacob Cheout California 

Wallace M. Coats Hillsdale 

E. B. Guenzel Tracy 

J. D. Locke Benan 

Charles Palmer Orange City 

Liston & Schick Imogene 

Chas. Jo Burkhart Marshalltown 

A. -M. Bingham Jessup 

Charles H. Green Swaledale 

Edward E. Willever Des Moines 

D. Deephouse Le Mars 

Andrew Pederson » . . . Spencer 

B. H. Long Palo 

J. O. Stewart Dickens 

W. F. Greimann Garner 

D. L, Sprague Clear Lake 

KANSAS. 

Albert N. Russell Mound Valley 

H. ^. Whittridge Admire 

Green & Wesselouski Jewell 

Charles E. Barker . . Mahaska 

F. D. Fuller. .* Topeka 

Joel H. Canaday Elsmore 

E. B. Frizelle Sterling 

Scott Sutton and Arthur Seaver 

Hillsdale 

S.Ernst Glen Elder 

W. I. F. Harden Hartford 



w 

M 

o 

>^ 

o 

M 

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68 



JOHN WEDDERBUKN & CO. 



KENTUCKY. 

Bert Coddington Conway 

D. B. Wallace Warsaw 

W. K. Southworth Smith Mills 

A. W. Pickering Lock 

Katie D. Head Lawrenceburg 

Frank H. White Sturgis 

LOUISIANA, 

S. Pennington Lake Charles 

MAINE. 

Henry S. Brown Ashland 

Godfrey & Allen Old Town 

A. Bird Cough Tremont 

MARYLAND. 

J. Smith Annapolis 

John ISTewmann Baltimore 

Chas. B. Rogers Stevenson 

Thos. H. Coakley Baltimore 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

John Skilling Fall River 

(1. M. Chase Fall River 

Joseph L. Joyce South Egremont 

John Murphy Gloucester 

Lemuel C. Kendall Chelsea 

MICHIGAN. 

Orson Briggs St. Louis. 

J. B. Newman and D. L. Roberts . Detroit 

J. C. Stone Harrietta 

Mrs. Fred Harvey Red Jacket 

S. A. Nichols Fowlerville 

MINNESOTA. 

Charles Gengnagel. Wabasha 

C. L. Sherwood Garden City 

Bazelle & Partridge St. Paul 

John S. Broderick St. Paul 

J. D. Oliver and S. Phillips. . .Le Sueuer 

L. O. Blomgren Granite Falls 

John S. Dodge Minneapolis 

Gustave Siebert St. Paul 

Geo. A. Rooney Cloquet 

P. E. Burke Stillwater 

George J. Perkins Minneapolis 

D. J. Tighe Winona 

Ira G. Hazzao'd . St. Paul 

James Henretty Staples 

Foot Schultze & Co St. Paul 

A. T. Finke Good Thunder 

E. B. Woodward Morris 

Hele & Gruenhagen ... St. Anthony Park 

Otto Bach Mabel 

Claude Kidder Carlton 

H. L. Knight Le Roy 

Theodore Henninger St. Paul 

Chr. Hangsten Two Harbors 

N. M. Wig Sacred Heart 

T. A. Schulz St. Paul 

Thomas Forstner New TJlm 

M. E. ReiUy .St. Paul 

MISSISSIPPI. 

C. L. Jordan Pelahatchie 

MISSOURI. 

E. E. Seniff Carthage 

C. B. Dean Norborne 

Charles L. Harris St. Joseph 

Mrs. Marion F. Manden Glascow 

Samuel Downs High Hill 

J. T. Frasier Savannah 

M. A. Andrew Tarkio 

John B. Altman St. Louis 



M\SSOVR\—Co7zn'nu^^. 

Wm. D. Cave, D. D Lamar 

Florence E. Asper Chillicothe 

J. P. De Moss, Jr Grand Pass 

D. M. Eddy Stockton 

A. H. Edwards and Jno. Hazard 

Wheatland 

MONTANA. 

J. W. Brook Twin Bridge 

H. B. Allaeys Frenchtown 

Horr & McFall Red Lodge 

W. D. Hunt Butte City 

August Eck Helena 

Isaac H. Davis South Butte 

George C. Firestone Deer Lodge 

R. D. Gould Butte City 

W. P. Sherman Butte 

Andrew W. Carlson Butte City 

North way & Hammond Forsythe 

Mrs. S. ligen Miles City 

Thomas Lacey Ft. Benton 

John A. Kennedy Choteau 

T. D. Reilly Helena 

I. H. Davis Butte 

Dickinson & Graves Butte 

I. H. Davis and W. H. Davey Butte 

Daniel Brion Bozeman 

Paul Manuel and John Whitford Butte 
H. H. Stroeter Butte City 

NEBRASKA. 

C. C. Cushman Wisner 

Robert Chad wick Sumner 

I. S. Swetland Glenalpin 

Henry A. Smith Omaha 

R. W. Somers Fremont 

Delana M. Sutton Harrison 

H. F. Daly and J. Poif enbarger . . Omaha 

Wm. Eikenbary Union 

O. E. Fearn Haigler 

Frank J. Hoel Omaha 

Charles E. Harris Beatrice 

F. J. McArdle and J. B. Furay . . .Omaha 
Mrs. Helen H. McBride . . Grand Island 

G. W. Anderson Ravenna 

James A. Rogers Glencoe 

Matthew Culbertson Wilbur 

Jacob Zeigler Arlington 

Nordel Yroman Winside 

McCord & Brady Omaha 

Fred. W. Adams Omaha 

John Plank Hastings 

Miss Carrie Leland Fremont 

P. F. Panabaker Randolph 

M. L. Whitaker Mason City 

J. F. Wellington Gordon 

Albert W. Shearer Omaha 

S. B. Smith and A. Freeman Omaha 

Emanuel Ochrle Omaha 

John M. Day Aurora 

Chas. Palmer Burbank 

J. R. Wallingford and T. Forham 

Cortland 

R. M. Lawless Omaha 

Birney Catarrhal Powder Company 

Omaha 

Frank Krupicka Milligan 

Lars. P. Peterson Hooper 

Orin Knox & Franey Omaha 

A. M. Jones Elm wood 

John G. O'Dea Plato 

John W. Irwin Chadron 

Fred. Ringstmeyer Malcolm 

Eli Shafer Tekamah 

E. Rockwell Homer 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 



69 



NEVADA. 

Thomas C. O'Donnell Winnemucca 

David Olgivie Elko 

John M. Prior Carson City 

Mary Tobener Gold Hill 

Jerome Abbee Reno 

M. R. Herdan Austin 

J. W. Cuminings Cold Hill 

Frank V. Burner Elko 

Bernard Molloy Golconda 

W. Myers Ruby Yalley 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

W. A. Stephen Lancaster 

C. B. Brown Hampton Eall 

Adams Bros Jaffrey 

Gr. H. Boorn Haverhill 

A. F, Burt Ashland 

Allen F. Dustin Hillsboro Bridge 

Fred M. Stacy Portsmouth 

Jerry Laroche Groveton 

NEW JERSEY. 

Alfred D. Richman Daretown 

Anton Marksman Jersey City 

J. A. Shoemaker Bridgton 

M. Francis IS'ester Camden 

C. W. Anderson Trenton 

Elmer Hogbin Camden 

Robert H. White Cape May 

Adalbertus Bessner Phillipsburgh 

W. C. Cottrell Asbury Park 

F'red. J. Schloer Trenton 

Thos. G. Willis Paterson 

Allen H. Dow Rosemont 

NEW MEXICO. 

H. V. Bosse Lower Penasco 

IS". W. Needham Lincoln 

NEW YORK. 

E. C. Doolittle l^ew York 

Roeder & Briesen IS^ew York 

Fred Groos New York 

J. G. Whitten Genoa 

Lieut. Granger Adams Fordham 

W. W. Andrews Buffalo 

Solomon Schwartz New York 

Susan M. Hoagland Hulberton 

Chas. Hammelman Buffalo 

Russell A. Shay New York 

Wm. H. Whittmyre Schenectady 

J. E. Ward Waverly 

Samuel Tyldesley Watertown 

T. M. Guest Moravia 

Kate J. Cook New York 

F. Reissmann West Point 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

Mears & Hunt Asheville 

Walter P. Burrus New Berne 

Gibson & McNinch Charlotte 

NORTH DAKOTA. 

Wm. Farrel Jamestown 

G. L Bjorneby Grafton 

A. R. Spear .Devil's Lake 

Justice & Treneman Buffalo 

John Ekval Fargo 

J. J. Flyckt St. Thomas 

OHIO. 

James M. Walters Franklin Station 

Mrs. S. C. Armstrong Zanesville 

Edward Maddox Cleveland 

John A. Burchfield. Toronto 

T. F. Bower Upper Sandusky 



OWlO'^Contmued. 

J. L. H. Baker Jamestown 

Fred Setcinger Sandusky 

Wm. J. Oiler Delaware 

Frank Nelson Wineland 

J. B. Stevens Caldwell 

W. B. George Columbus 

C. T. Ammon Wooster 

G. H. Staten Portsmouth 

Jos. Custer Goshen 

OREGON. 

Archie J. Murray Unity 

J. W. Flowers and M. J. Fox. . .Newport 

Wm. B. Murray Portland 

Cruson & Dobkins Lebanon 

W. P. Hawley Oregon City 

Stephen Chaplin Baker City 

T. E. Clark Troutdale 

J. E. Adcox La Camas 

Jno. Overholser Cottage Grove 

W. I. Dowell Grant's Pass 

Chester F. Fowler Columbia City 

F. R. Froman and H. C. Murray Yale 

John C. Manuel Chetco 

I. G. Moon John Day 

Y. L. Arrington Roseburg 

Earnest N. Walker Lakeview 

Horace Woodcock Kerby 

John J. Burke Portland 

C. K. Brandenburg Salem 

W. P. Harris Yale 

W. H. Cole Portland 

Geo. C. Firestone Corvallis 

John Sherretts Gardiner 

John S. George Newport 

S. W. F. Browning Portland 

Wm. B. Comstock Jacksonville 

Ignatz Knapke New Pine Creek 

H. C. Mahon Junction City 

P. J. Foster Salem 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Fred. W. Mann Franklin 

W. J. Hunter Scottdale 

R. Henry Philadelphia 

Thos. Nicholson, Jr Ashbourne 

Wm. Griesser Philadelphia 

C. Thoenebe Philadelphia 

Clinton W. Raker Shamokin 

Nat. H. Jones, Jr Germantown 

David Young Philadelphia 

C. J. Wagener Pittsburg 

Aaron Diffenderfer ....^ Allensville 

Geo. P. Pilling Philadelphia 

Jacob Mueller . , Philadelphia 

T. A. Powell Philadelphia 

Thos. J. Byrns Philadelphia 

Thos. F. Logan Philadelphia 

James C. Jones Philadelphia 

C. E. Powell Philadelphia 

C. C. Ramsay Philadelphia 

Sniveley Coffey Williamson 

Ira M. Phelps' Philadelphia 

Wm. B. Lynch Philadelphia 

Harry A. Wass Philadelphia 

Paul B. Bandolzer Philadelphia 

John Witt Philadelphia 

Charles L. Russell Philadelphia 

W. E. Dowling Mt. Pocona 

Louis Weglein, Jr Lehnenburg 

W. C. Cranmer Philadelphia 

W. J. P. Henry Philadelpliia 

Jules Schlinger Broad Fork 

Joseph E, Torr. ..,,,, Philadelphia 



70 



JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO. 



PB^^SYiy kMK— Continued. 

James C. Sneden Philadelphia 

Wm. Sharkey Philadelphia 

Thomas McXeriis Greasou 

L. Grant aud F. A. Moouey. . .Pottsville 

Thomas Tooiney Scrantou 

Neil McGlade Philadelphia 

John H. Staples York 

E. Heusline, Jr , . Wayne 

S. Conrath and S. Krider Hooverville 

J. B. Eox Slatington 

E. L. Caskey Port Alleghany 

W. W. Smith Pittsburg 

H. D. Richey Bellevue 

Thos. Toomey Scranton 

R. M. Tubbs. Shickshinny 

D. E. Cornell North Fork 

H. A, Lemon , Union town 

E. A. Pocock Pottsville 

Henry Wire York 

Chas. Tobin Berwyn 

E. R. Kennedy New Brighton 

A. E. Devlin and Samuel Craig 

Philadelphia 

Andrew Erbor Coplay 

Louis E. Hock Philadelphia 

Thos. Wright Emans 

J. M. Bowers and M. C. Bowers 

McKeesport 

H. M. Barr Roulette 

E. J. Rappold Erie 

Nicholas Swartz, Jr Carversville 

Wm. Stevenson Philadelphia 

M. L. Schocho Philadelphia 

RHODE ISLAND. 

Erank H. Wilkes Newport 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

J. M. Oliver .Orangeburg 

R. H. Browne Ridgeway 

H. G. Scarborough Bishop ville 

SOUTH DAKOTA. 

James S. Shepard Cheyenne Ealls 

Wm. T. Richardson Hot Springs 

Chas. E. Stevens Dead wood 

J. E. Ryan Letcher 

Wm. McName Scatterwood 

Augustus S. Lockrem Pierpoint 

Eranz Egerland and J. M. Ereese 

Sioux Ealls 

A. S. Hill Pierre 

Wm. Banwarth Zell 

TENNESSEE. 

W. L. Reynolds Bristol 

White & Day Tazewell 

TEXAS. 

B. Burglin San Antonio 

Ludwig and Ernest Brumlen Cuero 

Adolph Schneider Castell 

Geo. W. Johnson .Eloresville 

Sam Williams Bowie 

B. E. Davis & Bros Stephen ville 

Pattello Higgins , Beaumont 

E. Zedler Cuero 

D. Haynes Sealey 

Er. Bunjies „ Shiner 

O. J. La. Bouve Angleton 

J. L. McElyea Nona 

Dr. J. J. Burroughs Houston 

H. E. Mitchell Ray ville 

J. L. Wilson Midlothian 

U. H. Ulfrets Galveston 

Thos. M. Cottle .Mountcalm 

J. P. Johns. Austin 



UTAH. 

Nils Christianson Ogden City 

Geo. Curley Salt Lake City 

John Wennen and Chas. Hart. , . . .Erisco 
VERflONT. 

G. L. Lawrence Montpelier 

James S. Mackie Barre 

Elton P. Kendall Bradford 

Geo. H. Boorne Brattleboro 

VIRGINIA. 

Langhorne Leitch Boswell 

J. B. Owen Allisonia 

L. M. Bray Pittston 

Mrs. Julia Egan Danville 

WASHINGTON. 

Joseph Morrin Mt. Vernon 

Mathias Marsa North Yakima 

J. E. Hartman Tacoma 

Mrs. E. M. Buck Spokane 

J. W. Hines. , Elma 

C. S. Tate Spokane 

James Jenkin Buckley 

Earnest W. Daniels Aberdeen 

John and Nicholas Dalquist. .Lexington 

John Globig Spokane 

Timothy Eahey Spokane 

Hans Paulson Sumner 

Andrew Mitchell Carbonado 

Pascoe Ceovich Seattle 

Thomas Johnson Tacoma 

James Eoust Medical Lake 

Marcus Nodine Ocosta 

Thomas Eahey Spokane 

Clyde Landers Tacoma 

B. W. Eisk and W. M. Camp Sedro 

C. W. Eccleston Centralia 

John W. McCorkle Lexington 

H. N. Davies Rockf ord 

W. A. O'Bar Everett 

WEST VIRGINIA. 

Joseph Garbesi Moundsville 

Aug. Volkenrath Huntington 

E. G. Kimmell Keyser 

Mrs. Aug. Yolkenrath Huntington 

W. A. Carson Letart 

Jno. W. Woodruff Wise 

WISCONSIN. 

A. McConnell Palmer 

Ed. Denis Green Bay 

John Hunt Beloit 

Cyrus D. Eox Beloit 

T". L. Williams Schell Lake 

G. S. Gunderson Beloit 

Geo. J. Perkins Milwaukee 

C. J. Brown Rhinelander 

A. L. Dawson Neenah 

Chas. Behrend, Jr Oconomowoc 

Casper Zimmerman Bangor 

Chas. Hall Glidden 

BRITISH COLUilBIA. 

E. R. Tottenham Victoria 

Toney Silvene Victoria 

CANADA. 

Mary L. Campbell Noyan 

I. S. Sherwin Toronto 

Wm. A. Martin, Summerside, P.E. Island 

ENGLAND. 

John S. Starnes London 

GERMANY. 

Andreas Dahringer Erfurt 

MEXICO. 
Silas Adsit Portillos 




WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 



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